Features of autumn development of winter wheat depending on the main tillage in the Luhansk region

Abstract

Today, in the scientific and practical field, as well as a long time later, much attention is paid to improving the quality and quantity of yield. To obtain the desired results, we considered various systems of basic soil tillage in the growing of winter wheat, namely, determined the influence of basic soil tillage systems on the autumn development of winter wheat in the Luhansk region. The results of research of the influence of the basic soil tillage and the forecrop on the density and content of productive moisture in the soil layer of ordinary chernozems and on the autumn phases of development of winter wheat variety "Antara" are discussed. The research was performed in 2018-2020 in the fields of the department of scientific and technical training in agronomy and farms located in the north-central moderately arid subzone of Luhansk region. Three methods of soil tillage have been studied by us: moldboard ploughing -depth 22 cm; moldboard-less disking ploughing -depth 10 cm; moldboard-free subsurface cultivation -depth 12 cm. Forecrops: occupied fallow, sunflower, maize. The research was performed according to generally accepted methods. By means of research was established the advantage of moldboard ploughing over moldboardless ploughing. Moldboard soil ploughing contributed to the creation of lower density in the arable horizon under different forecrops, greater microbiological activity of the soil, better water supply during the autumn vegetative season. Moldboard ploughing increased access to nutrients such as potassium and nitrogen, and moldboardless ploughing accumulated available phosphorus. Improving the agrophysical properties of the soil contributed to the formation of better biometric indices in the autumn vegetative season. The height of the plants where the soil was plowed to the depth 22 cm was higher compared to the height of the plants with moldboard-less disking ploughing to the depth 10 cm. This affected the number of stems, which also increased, the number of leaves and roots increased, respectively. The depth of the tillering node increased relative to the increase in the depth of soil tillage, the weight of 100 absolutely dry plants increased, respectively, almost three to four times. Thus, the basic soil tillage improves the agrophysical properties, increases the microbiological activity of the soil and improves the biometric indices of plants.

Ecology-and Geography-Related Features of Winter Wheat Varieties for the Areas of Insufficient Humidification

“…Characteristics that determine resistance to abiotic stress (in our case, winter resistance and drought resistance are the key ones) (Vesali et al, 2017;Avtaeva et al, 2021a;Pirych et al, 2021) should not only be stable, but also be effective in the required critical phases of development, that is the periods from January to February for winter varieties, requiring winter resistance, and from May to June (Masliev et al, 2020), for which drought resistance is essential (Wang et al, 2017). Finding new mechanisms to ensure efficiency of these features (such as a decrease in the consumption of accumulated sugars in the winter or high rates of photosynthetic activity during the heading stage) (Cann et al, 2022) allows to significantly stabilize and correlate over time the implementation of these properties, when the impact of an undesirable factor is most intensive (Quintero et al, 2018;Nazarenko et al, 2021).…”

Depositing capacity of winter wheat stem segments under natural drought during grain filling in Ukrainian forest steppe conditions

“…However, the problem of providing humanity with wheat grain has been exacerbated in recent years by adverse climate change. Drought is one of the most important causes of wheat yield loss (Lesk et al, 2016;Matiu et al, 2017;Leng & Hall, 2019;Masliev et al, 2020). This problem is especially relevant for Ukraine, as almost all cultivation areas are in the zone of risky agriculture under a constant risk of crop loss in dry years (Ivanyuta et al, 2020).…”