Features of Properties of Seeds of Different Genotypes of Spring Barley

The results of field experiments on spring barley conducted in 2023 on the experimental fields of the Agrobiotechnopark of the Kazan State Agrarian University are presented. The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of the use of various compositions of organomineral fertilizers based on natural minerals (zeolite, diatomite, perlite), humates and food industry waste (buckwheat husk, beet molasses) developed at the Institute of Agrobiotechnologies and Land Management of Kazan State Agrarian University on the formation of the yield and grain quality of spring barley. The objectives of the research included studying the nature of changes in plant growth and development, yield and protein content in grain when using experimental organomineral fertilizers. The object of the study was spring barley of the Raushan variety. The control was the option without fertilizers; the standard was the application of 100 kg/ha of azofoska. Experimental fertilizers were applied at a rate of 120 kg/ha. All fertilizers in the experiment were applied before sowing. The studies were carried out on gray forest highly cultivated soil. The growing season conditions in 2023 were characterized by periodically severe drought phenomena, which affected the growth and development of spring barley plants. It was found that the application of experimental fertilizers contributed to the growth of the length of roots and above-ground parts of plants, and also reduced the damage to plants by root rot. Diatomite-based fertilizer had the greatest positive effect on reducing root rot damage. The largest increase in yield over the control (by 0.73 t/ha) and standard (by 0.22 t/ha) was obtained when using diatomite-based fertilizer. The use of all organomineral fertilizers (especially those based on zeolite) leads to an increase in the protein content in the grain.

unclassified

Assessment of the influence of organomineral fertilizers on the formation of potato yield

Safin,

Vafin

2024

With the Use of Mineral Fertilizers and Plant Protection in the Conditions of the Volga Region of the Republic of Tatarstan

Zalyalov¹,

Serzhanov

Shaykhutdinov

et al. 2022

Studies to study the grain quality of the main varieties of spring wheat included in the state register in the 7th region were carried out in 2020-2021. under the conditions of Avangard LLC, Buinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan, on chernozem soils typical for this zone with agrochemical characteristics: humus content - 7.0-8.5%, mobile forms of phosphorus - 182-255 mg / kg, potassium - 159-193 mg / kg and pH salt – 5,5-5,8. Agrochemical analyzes of soils were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Institution CAS "Tatarsky" by generally accepted methods: GOST 26213-91 (humus content), GOST 26484-85 (pHsal.), GOST 26207-91 (mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium). The meteorological conditions of 2020 were characterized by sufficient soil moisture and moderate temperature conditions during the growing season of spring wheat (STC-1.28) and had a positive impact on the future yield and grain quality. Meteorological indicators for the growing season of the research object in 2021 were extremely unfavorable for the formation of the crop. May and June were extremely dry, HTC-0,17-0,27. In the Pre-Volga zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, under conditions of unstable moisture, the effect of fertilizers on the yield is very variable. In a dry year, the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers is insignificant: only such varieties as Ekada 109, Yoldyz and Burlak gave a significant increase in yield by 10.6-11.9%. Conducted observations, records and analyzes in 2020 and 2021 showed that fertilizers in combination with a plant protection unit provided a sustainable increase in grain quality indicators. On average, over 2 years, in the Yoldyz variety, compared with the control and the standard variety Simbirtsit, the amount of mass fraction of gluten increased by 3.5%, and in the Ekada 109 and Burlak varieties by 4,1 and 4,3%.

Study of the use of various humic preparations on crops and the quality of grain feed barley

Medvedev,

Safin

2024

The results of studies on the effectiveness of seed treatment and plant spraying with various humic preparations on spring grain feed barley are presented. The objectives of the research included assessing the effect of various humic preparations on productivity, disease resistance and grain quality of spring barley under various methods of their application (seed treatment, plant spraying, seed treatment + plant spraying). The objects of research were spring two-row barley of the Raushan variety. Humic preparations Bigus and Gumat +7 were used. The research was carried out in 2022-2023 on gray forest, medium loamy soil. In 2022, moisture conditions during the growing season were favorable; in 2023, periodic severe drought events were observed. The use of humic preparations led to a decrease in the development of both leaf diseases (dark brown spot) and root rot. The drug Bigus Extra had a more pronounced effect on reducing the damage to plants by root rot. The use of humic preparations had a positive effect on the length of the stem and ear of barley. The maximum values of the stem length were when using seed treatment and spraying crops with Bigus Extra, and the greatest length of the ear was when using Gumi+7. The use of humic preparations increases the yield of spring barley from 11 to 27.8%. When using only seed treatment or only spraying of crops, Bigus Extra had an advantage in yield, and when using a combination – seed treatment + plant treatment Humat +7. The highest yield of spring barley (27.8% more than in the control) was obtained using a scheme in which seeds and plants were treated with Humate +7. The use of seed treatment followed by spraying of plants led to an increase in the protein content of barley grain. The use of humic preparations in which they are used for pre-sowing seed treatment and subsequently for spraying crops (twice) was optimal for spring barley.