Buckwheat is a source of a valuable food product, the preparation of which for food purposes imposes a number of quality requirements. The most important criteria for the quality of raw materials that affect the yield and quality of unground groats are the weight of 1000 fruits, evenness of fruits, high content of the kernel and ease of peeling. Due to the achievements of breeding, the size and weight of 1000 fruits of some modern varieties of buckwheat amounted to 30 g or more. In breeding for the technological properties of fruits in large-fruited varieties, the problem of optimizing the proportion of fruit shells and fruit fulfillment is relevant. Buckwheat as a food product is a source of biologically active compounds with antioxidant properties that improve the functional activity and health of people. Increasing the content of rutin in the selection process will increase the biological value of buckwheat. Therefore, it is important to combine in modern varieties the signs of increased productivity with the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The paper analyzes the results of assessing the quality of the fruits of new and promising buckwheat varieties created by including fasciated forms in the composition of populations of materials of family-group selection. Promising genotypes have been identified for inclusion in the process of buckwheat breeding for high quality technological parameters and an increased amount of flavonoids in groats.

The research was carried out in order to study the features of the effect of concentrated organomineral complex liquid fertilizers on the yield and grain quality of spring soft wheat. The work was carried out in 2020-2022 in the Republic of Tatarstan. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of the following options: without presowing seed treatment, herbicide in the tillering phase, insecticide in the booting phase (control); seed treatment with Batr Gum 0.5 l/t, herbicide + Batr Maks 1 l/ha in the tillering phase, insecticide + Batr Maks 1 l/ha in the booting phase; seed treatment with Chudozem 1 l/t, herbicide + Chudozem 2 l/ha in the tillering phase, insecticide + Chudozem 2 l/ha in the booting phase. Varieties Al Varis and Yoldyz were sown at a rate of 6 million viable seeds per 1 ha. Treatment of seeds with preparations Batr Gum and Chudozem increased field germination, and subsequent spraying of vegetative plants with the same preparations increased their safety for harvesting, the length of the stem and ear, the number of oats and grains in the ear. On average, over the years of research, the use of drugs provided an increase in the grain yield of the Al Varis variety at the level of 0.58 ... 0.60 t/ha, of the Yoldyz variety - 0.56 ... 0.58 t/ha. The use of Batr Maks contributed to the formation of spring wheat grains with the highest protein and gluten content in the experiment, as well as vitreousness in both varieties of soft wheat. The most economically profitable was the cultivation of the spring soft wheat variety Al Varis using the preparations Batr Gum and Batr Maks.

The directions and results of buckwheat breeding for the regions of the middle Volga region are discussed. The efficiency of creation of extreme selection backgrounds for increasing the adaptive potential of plants is shown. The main advantages of the new selection varieties Nikolskaya and Yashlek, obtained on the basis of fasciated hybrid populations, are presented.

When sowing millet seeds in the third decade of May in the Kama area of the Republic of Tatarstan, it was established a connection between cores destruction by melanosis with a prolonged period of millet plant growth. The variation of planting dates showed, that the hydrothermal conditions of interphase period, beginning buttonhole + 20 days, influenced on the degree of nuclei damage by melanosis of different maturity groups. Form weevil is one of the factors of protection against melanosis.

Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is widely cultivated as a food, fodder and industrial crop. Agricultural production needs to create a system of complementary varieties that takes into account regional characteristics. In order to select varieties adapted to the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan, the seed qualities of 16 new varieties of different ecological and geographical origin, domestic and foreign selection were studied. The experiments were laid on the Arsk variety plot of the Republic of Tatarstan. The studies were carried out in 2020–2021. at the Department of General Agriculture, Plant Protection and Breeding of the Institute of Agrobiotechnologies and Land Use. The conditions of crop formation had a specific effect on the formation of seed germination, which is probably related to the level of their adaptive potential. According to the complex of morphometric data of seed sprouts, among the best varieties are Endan bred by the Kazan Federal Research Center, Finist - Samara FRC, Orda - Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Soratnik - Kurgansemena LLC, Kornet resistant - National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Guzel - bred by a French breeding and seed company. A comparative analysis of the change in the weight of 1000 grains of varieties under the influence of the conditions of a dry 2021 showed that the largest-grained genotypes with a weight of more than 54 g of selection from Germany, France, and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in drought conditions reduce grain filling by 7-17%. The varieties of local selection Endan and Tevkech formed larger grains in the dry year 2021, which may be due to a longer grain filling due to the increased drought resistance of plants of these varieties. This indicator was also stable in the varieties Koldun (NAS of Belarus), Eifel France), and varieties of the Ural selection Orda and Soratnik, which may also indicate a higher level of plant homeostasis. The varieties Koldun, Nord 17/2645 and Nord 17/2610 were the most free from seed infection from the harvests of both years of study, which indicates their resistance to these types of fungal infection.