Buckwheat is a source of a valuable food product, the preparation of which for food purposes imposes a number of quality requirements. The most important criteria for the quality of raw materials that affect the yield and quality of unground groats are the weight of 1000 fruits, evenness of fruits, high content of the kernel and ease of peeling. Due to the achievements of breeding, the size and weight of 1000 fruits of some modern varieties of buckwheat amounted to 30 g or more. In breeding for the technological properties of fruits in large-fruited varieties, the problem of optimizing the proportion of fruit shells and fruit fulfillment is relevant. Buckwheat as a food product is a source of biologically active compounds with antioxidant properties that improve the functional activity and health of people. Increasing the content of rutin in the selection process will increase the biological value of buckwheat. Therefore, it is important to combine in modern varieties the signs of increased productivity with the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The paper analyzes the results of assessing the quality of the fruits of new and promising buckwheat varieties created by including fasciated forms in the composition of populations of materials of family-group selection. Promising genotypes have been identified for inclusion in the process of buckwheat breeding for high quality technological parameters and an increased amount of flavonoids in groats.

Modern crop cultivation technologies use biological products with adaptogenic and biofungicidal properties. The article studies the influence of Streptomyces sp on the growth, development, and formation of buckwheat crops. The treatment of seeds with biological products reduces field germination; however, their environmental sustainability increases. The maximum grain yield of 249.7 g/m2 was obtained when applying actinomycetes in the amount of 2.0 l per ton of seeds. The ability of the biological product to preserve the activity of nodes and shoots increased the number of inflorescences. The dynamics of biosynthesis and the fractional composition of chlorophyll in the leaves were studied. The biosynthesis of pigments was the most intensive during during seed treatment with Streptomyces sp in the amount of 1.0 to 1.5 l/t of seeds. The relative amount of chlorophyll “a” to chlorophyll “b” during the intensive development and mass flowering was relatively stable (2.5 ... 2.7). In the phase of fruit formation, in the control plants and plants treated with Rizoplan and actinomycetes (0.5 l/t), the proportion of chlorophyll b increased. In variants with a lower proportion of chlorophyll “b”, the seed productivity of plants was higher.

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The directions and results of buckwheat breeding for the regions of the middle Volga region are discussed. The efficiency of creation of extreme selection backgrounds for increasing the adaptive potential of plants is shown. The main advantages of the new selection varieties Nikolskaya and Yashlek, obtained on the basis of fasciated hybrid populations, are presented.