Features of the development of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Relevance. At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Republic of China with an epicenter in Wuhan. On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned the infection its official name -COVID-19 («Coronavirus disease 2019»), and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on February 11, 2020 assigned the official name to the causative agent - SARS-CoV-2. The study is relevant due to the fact that the disease quickly spread around the planet with the active drift of the pathogen into the territory of the Russian Federation. As of 11/26/2020, worldwide 60 million 894 thousand people were infected with COVID-19, 1 million 430 thousand died, 42 million 90 thousand people recovered.Intention. Analysis of publications on the epidemiological spread of COVID-19 for the purpose of effective medical and psychological support during dynamic monitoring of the disease, and also for epidemiological well-being.Methodology. Scientific publications from domestic and foreign databases were analyzed.Results and Discussion. The global and rapid spread of COVID-19 disease has had a huge impact on all healthcare sectors around the world and has expanded the existing understanding of the nature of the course of this disease, and greatly facilitated the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of new coronavirus infection. The paper discusses the main issues of epidemiology, laboratory diagnostics and prevention of COVID-19, which are currently relevant. In the future, the massive use of vaccines against the new coronavirus will help create population immunity and protect the population from this disease, but today the issue has not yet been resolved, although it should be resolved in the near future.Conclusion. The issues of epidemiology and laboratory diagnostics of COVID-19 have not yet been finally resolved. The measures taken in Russia to prevent the import of HV are undoubtedly important and adequate to the current situation. At the same time, they cannot completely prevent cases of virus spreading (by those in the incubation period of COVID-19, or those with latent and hidden disease), which can lead to probable epidemiological problems in the future.

Analysis of the Epidemiological Situation on the Pneumonia with Signs of Coronavirus Infection among the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan

“…Changed approaches to recording coronavirus infection and pneumonia with signs of coronavirus infection make it possible to determine the correct incidence forecasts, adequately plan the necessary resources: Medical personnel, beds, medical equipment, medicines, and ensure the transparency of statistics. This underlines the open policy of the state in its readiness to jointly confront the coronavirus pandemic and study its consequences in close connection with the international community [6], [7], [8]. To ensure the reliability of statistical data on coronavirus infection, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan has developed a Coding Algorithm and instructions for entering data into information systems, and medical workers have been trained in coding COVID-19 in the ICD-10 classification.…”

Medical and Social Aspects of the New Coronavirus Infection

“…same time, with the established nucleotide sequence of the genome of the SARS-CoV virus that caused the epidemic in 2003, the origin is still open and a potential precursor of this virus among animal coronaviruses has not yet been identified [6,7].…”

“…At the same time, the analysis made it possible to come to the conclusion: bats are the natural reservoir of the virus, there is a high probability that the virus was transmitted from animal to human only once (this is evidenced by the huge similarity of the studied genomes); the probable date of transmission of the virus to humans is the end of November or the beginning of December 2019 (this is indicated by the rate of mutations); transmission of the virus from a patient and a person, as well as a disease in the incubation period, is carried out by airborne droplets, in addition, the contact pathway is realized by transmission factors: water, food and objects contaminated with SARS-CoV-2; the risk of transmission from hands to the mucous membranes of the eyes, nasal and oral cavities has been proven. The accumulated experience of the first year of the pandemic has shown that about 80% of patients carry the infection in a mild form, but at the same time are able to transmit the virus to others [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”