Feeding of nano scale oats β-glucan enhances the host resistance against Edwardsiella tarda and protective immune modulation in zebrafish larvae

The zebrafish as a model for gastrointestinal tract–microbe interactions

“…The same model was used to show that the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptor mediated immune response is required for upregulation of antibacterial genes, including beta-defensins and major histocompatibility complex-related genes, in response to E. piscicida infection (Wu, Cao, Nie, & Chang, 2019). Several studies have used zebrafish to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of potential novel therapeutics to combat Edwardsiella infections, including vaccines (Guo et al, 2015) and immunomodulatory nanoparticles that fortify resistance against pathogens (Udayangani et al, 2017). Several studies have used zebrafish to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of potential novel therapeutics to combat Edwardsiella infections, including vaccines (Guo et al, 2015) and immunomodulatory nanoparticles that fortify resistance against pathogens (Udayangani et al, 2017).…”

1,3‐1‐6 ß‐glucans enhance tissue regeneration in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Potential advantages for aquaculture applications

“…Moreover, the effect of β‐1,3‐ d ‐glucans has been studied in db/db mice to evaluate if local application stimulates wound healing in diabetes; in this case, β‐1,3‐ d ‐glucans were found to have an activity below 60 ng/ml and the results showed that macrophage function was stimulated and the wound healing process enhanced (Berdal et al, ). Udayangani et al () tested an oat‐derived nano‐scale ß‐glucans (NBG) preparation and investigated its immunomodulatory properties on zebrafish larvae; here too, the results showed that the survival rate of zebrafish larvae in the presence of the pathogenic bacterium Edwardsiella tarda increased when NBG were added to the water (500 mg/ml). Moreover, quantitative real time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis showed an up‐regulation of immune functional genes, including TNF‐a, IL‐1b, ß‐defensin, lysozyme, IL 10, IL 12 and C‐Rel (Udayangani et al, ).…”

“…Udayangani et al () tested an oat‐derived nano‐scale ß‐glucans (NBG) preparation and investigated its immunomodulatory properties on zebrafish larvae; here too, the results showed that the survival rate of zebrafish larvae in the presence of the pathogenic bacterium Edwardsiella tarda increased when NBG were added to the water (500 mg/ml). Moreover, quantitative real time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis showed an up‐regulation of immune functional genes, including TNF‐a, IL‐1b, ß‐defensin, lysozyme, IL 10, IL 12 and C‐Rel (Udayangani et al, ). However, Schmidt, Andersen, Ersbøll, and Nielsen () did not observe a significant difference in the wound healing process when rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were bath‐exposing to 0.1 mg/L of 1,3‐1,6 ß‐glucan for 14 days ( n = 5).…”

“…Moreover, the effect of β-1,3-d-glucans has been studied in db/db mice to evaluate if local application stimulates wound healing in diabetes; in this case, β-1,3-d-glucans were found to have an activity below 60 ng/ml and the results showed that macrophage function was stimulated and the wound healing process enhanced (Berdal et al, 2007). Udayangani et al (2017) tested an oat-derived nano-scale ß-glucans (NBG) preparation and investigated its immunomodulatory properties on zebrafish larvae;…”

Response of the intestinal mucosal barrier of carp (Cyprinus carpio) to a bacterial challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila intubation after feeding with β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan

“…This has been shown in Asian catfish ( Clarias batrachus ; Kumari & Sahoo, ,b), common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ; Selvaraj et al., ), catla ( Catla catla ; Kamilya, Maiti, Joardar, & Mal, ), nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ; El‐Boshy, El‐Ashram, Abdelhamid, & Gadalla, ), rainbow trout (Douxfils, Fierro‐Castro, Mandiki, Emile, & Tort, ), roho ( Labio rohita ; Misra, Das, Mukherjee, & Pattnaik, ; Sahoo & Mukherjee, ) and zebrafish ( Danio rerio ; Rodriguez, Chamorro, Novoa, & Figueras, ) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila , as well as Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) infected with Aeromonas spp. (Ngamkala et al., ), carp (Falco et al., ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Ji et al., ) infected with Aeromonas salmonicida , large yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocae ) infected with Vibrio harveyi (Ai et al., ), rohu (Sahoo & Mukherjee, ) and zebrafish (Udayangani et al., ) infected with Edwardsiella tarda , nile tilapia infected with Streptococcus agalactiae (Pilarski, Ferreira de Oliveira, Darpossolo de Souza, & Zanuzzo, ) and Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) infected with Edwarsiella ictaluri (Welker, Lim, Yildirim‐Aksoy, & Klesius, ; Welker, Lim, Yildirim‐Aksoy, Shelby, & Klesius, ). In most of these studies, bacteria were injected into the body cavity of the fish (Ai et al., ; Dale, Gutenberger, & Rohovec, ; El‐Boshy et al., ; Falco et al., ; Kamilya et al., ; Kumari & Sahoo, ,b; Rodriguez et al., ; Sahoo & Mukherjee, , ; Selvaraj et al., ).…”