Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Immunohistochemical Features of Ocular Inflammation and the Distribution of Viral Antigens in Structures of the Eye

Ziółkowska, Natalia; Paździor-Czapula, Katarzyna; Lewczuk, Bogdan; ́, E. Mikulska-Skupien; Przybylska‐Gornowicz, Barbara; Kwiecińska, Kamila; Ziółkowski, Hubert

doi:10.1177/0300985817728557

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In cases with ocular involvement, diffuse and multifocal inflammatory infiltrates may be found in the ciliary body, retina, and choroid as well as throughout the uvea and in the sclera, conjunctiva, and optic nerve. Ocular perivascular leukocytes are typically lymphoplasmacytic, composed mostly of B cells and plasma cells, with fewer numbers of T cells and macrophages [66]. Gross lesions of FIP in the central nervous system include ventricular dilation, flattening of cerebral gyri, and ependymal and meningeal congestion [67].…”

Section: Epidemiology Clinical and Pathologic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Infections in Companion Animals: Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Pathologic Features

Haake

Cook

Pusterla

et al. 2020

Viruses

147

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Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, or systemic diseases in a variety of mammalian hosts that vary in clinical severity from subclinical to fatal. The host range and tissue tropism are largely determined by the coronaviral spike protein, which initiates cellular infection by promoting fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. Companion animal coronaviruses responsible for causing enteric infection include feline enteric coronavirus, ferret enteric coronavirus, canine enteric coronavirus, equine coronavirus, and alpaca enteric coronavirus, while canine respiratory coronavirus and alpaca respiratory coronavirus result in respiratory infection. Ferret systemic coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus, a mutated feline enteric coronavirus, can lead to lethal immuno-inflammatory systemic disease. Recent human viral pandemics, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and most recently, COVID-19, all thought to originate from bat coronaviruses, demonstrate the zoonotic potential of coronaviruses and their potential to have devastating impacts. A better understanding of the coronaviruses of companion animals, their capacity for cross-species transmission, and the sharing of genetic information may facilitate improved prevention and control strategies for future emerging zoonotic coronaviruses. This article reviews the clinical, epidemiologic, virologic, and pathologic characteristics of nine important coronaviruses of companion animals.

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Section: Epidemiology Clinical and Pathologic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Infections in Companion Animals: Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Pathologic Features

Haake

Cook

Pusterla

et al. 2020

Viruses

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Інфекційний перитоніт котів (FIP) -імунноопосередковане захворювання домашніх та диких котів, зумовлене вірулентним котячим коронавірусом, що спричиняє загибель молодих котів, а також ставить під загрозу утримуваних в неволі вимираючих диких кішок (Baydar et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2016;Ziółkowska et al, 2017). Збудник -вірус FIP (FIPV)це моноцитарний / макрофаго-тропний / мутований вірус кишкового коронавірусу котів (FECV), який спричиняє в організмі тварин виражену запальну реакцію (Brown, 2011;Kipar & Meli, 2014;Khalaniia et al, 2018).…”

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Pathomorphology of cats with myocardial infectious peritonitis

Kotsyumbas

Khalaniia

2019

SMLNUVMB

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The article presents the results of macroscopic and microscopic examinations of myocardial cats in wet and mixed forms of FIP. A pathoanatomical study of 19 cat carcasses, aged from 3 months to 7 years, was diagnosed with infectious peritonitis during life (on the basis of anamnesis, clinical features, morphological and biochemical blood test, ultrasound, Rivalt test and FCVetx rapid test VetE.) All animals were kept at home. For the microstructural study, samples of cats' hearts were selected, which were fixed in 10% aqueous formalin neutral solution, Carnua, Buen solutions and 96 ° ethyl alcohol. Histogram sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining, picrofuxin (Van Gizon), PAS reaction (McManus), methyl green pyronin (Brache), Malory, and examined under a microscope. Histological examination of the cardiac muscle of cats in various forms of infectious peritonitis revealed changes of non-inflammatory and inflammatory nature. In the exudative form, non-inflammatory processes prevailed. In the myocardium, the most severe changes occurred in the capillaries, the walls of the arterial vessels and the stroma, which were characterized by diapedic hemorrhage, mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and necrosis of the walls of the arterioles. Disorganization of connective tissue was accompanied by stratification of connective tissue fibers and impregnation of weakly oxyphilic, PAS-positive compounds of the intermuscular lumen, which was combined with dystrophic changes in cardiomyocytes. In the mixed form, proliferative-destructive vasculitis, diffuse or focal lymphoid-histiocytic infiltrates in the myocardium prevail. The revealed optical changes in the structural elements of the heart indicated a sharp weakening of the contractile function of cardiomyocytes and heart failure. In addition, it should be noted that the characteristic morphological manifestation for immunocomplex diseases is the development of vasculitis, which is preceded by fibrinoid necrosis of the walls of the arterial vessels and intensive infiltration of their circulatory elements, and these changes occurred in infectious peritonitis of cats.

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“…Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an immune-conditioned disease of domestic and wild cats, which is caused by the virulent cat coronavirus, which is one of the main infectious causes of death of young cats, and which threatens the survival of wild cats (Baydar et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2016;Ziółkowska et al, 2017). Occurrence of cases of cats suffering FIP is several times higher among the adult and young cats, which are kept in research centers or animal shelters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathomorphology of peripheral organs of immunogenesis in cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis

Khalaniia

Kotsyumbas

Pritsak

2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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This article presents the results of pathomorphological research on the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of 23 dead cats aged from 3 months to 7 years, which in their lifetimes (according to anamnesis, clinical signs, laboratory-instrumental methods of examination and VetExpert FCoV Ab express test) had been diagnosed with infectious peritonitis. All the animals were domestic. Blood was drawn from the subcutaneous vein of the forelimb of the diseased cats. We determined ESR, morphological parameters of blood and content of hemoglobin. For histological and histochemical examinations, we selected samples of spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, which were fixated in 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin, Carnoy’s and Bouin’s solutions. The prepared histological sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson’s stain, methyl green-pironin stain (Brashe), PAS-reaction (McManus), alcian blue and Congo red. Hematological parameters during 3 weeks of clinical progression of the disease among the cats demonstrated a decrease in the hemoglobin content and in the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Possible decrease in the number of lymphocytes indicated the development of an immune-deficiency state. Also, during the development of disease, the animals had possible increase in ESR, which indicated the development of an inflammatory process in the organism and decrease in the number of thrombocytes, which conditioned development of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The anatomical pathology autopsy showed that in most animals the spleen was diminished in size, the surface of the organ was tuberous, the capsule was wrinkled and mat, the edges were sharpened. The histostructural change was accompanied by a sharp depletion of the lymph nodes and reduction in the number of micro- and macrophages, which indicated the reduction of white pulp, rapid inhibition of the activity of T- and B-lymphocytes, plasmacytic and macrophage reaction and manifested in development of immune-deficient condition of the organism. In this process, the reticular carcass of the lymph nodes saturated with PAS-positive and eosinophilic masses was clearly manifested, which indicated formation of fibrinoid. In the spleen of 5 individuals, during staining using Congo red, we found deposition of amyloid masses both in the intima of the blood vessels and along the reticulary fibers of the lymph nodes. In the cytoplasm of macrophages, we found pyroninophilic formations. In two cases, we observed blood accumulation of red pulp and bleeding following the reduction of white pulp, and in one case fibrinogenous perisplenitis. In the mesenteric lymph nodes of most of the cats which had suffered from infectious peritonitis, we determined that edema, exposure of the reticular soft skeleton (stroma) of adrenal and paracortical zones, dilation of the border and central sinuses and thrombosis of vessels were followed by steep decrease in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, micro- and macrophages, which indicated the development of atrophic processes of lympoid tissue and immune-suppression. In three cases, in mesenteric lymph nodes of cats, we determined development of sinus histiocytosis. The changes determined in the spleen and lymph nodes of the cats which had suffered from FIP indicate immune-suppressed condition and steep decrease in the functional ability of the organs and organism in general.

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Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Immunohistochemical Features of Ocular Inflammation and the Distribution of Viral Antigens in Structures of the Eye

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Coronavirus Infections in Companion Animals: Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Pathologic Features

Coronavirus Infections in Companion Animals: Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Pathologic Features

Pathomorphology of cats with myocardial infectious peritonitis

Pathomorphology of peripheral organs of immunogenesis in cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis

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