The importance of biomarkers to predict recovery following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is still unclear to clinicians. To assess the preoperative biomarkers of patients with pseudoarthrosis of the femoral neck and their dynamics in the early postoperative period after THA, 50 patients aged 33 to 82 years old, 18 males and 32 females diagnosed with pseudoarthrosis of the femoral neck after failed internal fixation and failed conservative management were studied. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people aged 27 to 50 years, 13 males, 17 females. Patients’ blood was examined for biochemical markers upon admission, and then on the 7th and 14th days after surgery. Their blood serum content of total protein, albumin, glycoproteins, sialic acids, chondroitin sulfates, haptoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, GGT, acid phosphatase, thymol index; interleukins (IL-1, IL-4 and IL-6.) and C-reactive protein was measured. The content of glycoproteins in the blood exceeded normal by 2.3 times, chondroitin sulfate by 4.7 times, sialic acids by 1.5 times, haptoglobin by 55.8%, fibrinogen by 19.1%, globulin by 19,6%, alkaline phosphatase activity by 72.3%, IL-1 by 94.7 and IL-6 by 3 times, C-reactive protein by 2.6 times. After THA there was a gradual decrease in blood biochemical and immunological markers. The most informative laboratory markers were glycoproteins, chondroitin sulfates, sialic acids, haptoglobin, activity of alkaline phosphatase, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-4, and C-reactive protein. Subsequent research is required to validate these dynamics.

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This article presents the results of pathomorphological research on the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of 23 dead cats aged from 3 months to 7 years, which in their lifetimes (according to anamnesis, clinical signs, laboratory-instrumental methods of examination and VetExpert FCoV Ab express test) had been diagnosed with infectious peritonitis. All the animals were domestic. Blood was drawn from the subcutaneous vein of the forelimb of the diseased cats. We determined ESR, morphological parameters of blood and content of hemoglobin. For histological and histochemical examinations, we selected samples of spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, which were fixated in 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin, Carnoy’s and Bouin’s solutions. The prepared histological sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson’s stain, methyl green-pironin stain (Brashe), PAS-reaction (McManus), alcian blue and Congo red. Hematological parameters during 3 weeks of clinical progression of the disease among the cats demonstrated a decrease in the hemoglobin content and in the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Possible decrease in the number of lymphocytes indicated the development of an immune-deficiency state. Also, during the development of disease, the animals had possible increase in ESR, which indicated the development of an inflammatory process in the organism and decrease in the number of thrombocytes, which conditioned development of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The anatomical pathology autopsy showed that in most animals the spleen was diminished in size, the surface of the organ was tuberous, the capsule was wrinkled and mat, the edges were sharpened. The histostructural change was accompanied by a sharp depletion of the lymph nodes and reduction in the number of micro- and macrophages, which indicated the reduction of white pulp, rapid inhibition of the activity of T- and B-lymphocytes, plasmacytic and macrophage reaction and manifested in development of immune-deficient condition of the organism. In this process, the reticular carcass of the lymph nodes saturated with PAS-positive and eosinophilic masses was clearly manifested, which indicated formation of fibrinoid. In the spleen of 5 individuals, during staining using Congo red, we found deposition of amyloid masses both in the intima of the blood vessels and along the reticulary fibers of the lymph nodes. In the cytoplasm of macrophages, we found pyroninophilic formations. In two cases, we observed blood accumulation of red pulp and bleeding following the reduction of white pulp, and in one case fibrinogenous perisplenitis. In the mesenteric lymph nodes of most of the cats which had suffered from infectious peritonitis, we determined that edema, exposure of the reticular soft skeleton (stroma) of adrenal and paracortical zones, dilation of the border and central sinuses and thrombosis of vessels were followed by steep decrease in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, micro- and macrophages, which indicated the development of atrophic processes of lympoid tissue and immune-suppression. In three cases, in mesenteric lymph nodes of cats, we determined development of sinus histiocytosis. The changes determined in the spleen and lymph nodes of the cats which had suffered from FIP indicate immune-suppressed condition and steep decrease in the functional ability of the organs and organism in general.

The article deals with the results of biochemical and biophysical search of hoof horn of clinically healthy cows and patients with purulent pododermatitis. It is known that the development of the inflammatory process in the area of the hoof, in particular, for purulent inflammation of the producing layer of the skin, affects not only the general condition of the organism of animals, but also the biochemical indices of the hoof horn of the cows. Thus, in the epidermis of cows hoof for purulent pododermatitis, there is a probable increase by 3.7% moisture content and by 26.8% -the concentration of SH-groups in the tendency to reduce the concentration of ash, fat and protein. These changes indicate a slowdown in the keratinization and accumulation process, as a result, in the hoof horn of the epidermis, excessive moisture content. It was found that other biochemical indices influence the state of the hoof horn, in particular, the concentration in the epidermis of the hemispheres of sulfur, keratoses, calcium. Thus, for purulent pododermatitis, the sulfur content decreases by 17.1%, calcium -12.3%, which indicates a deterioration of keratinization processes, which is confirmed by the redistribution of sulfur concentration in keratoses, namely an increase of 2.9% of the contents of a-keratosis and 3.7% was g-keratosis. In the process of keratinization, microelements, in particular copper and zinc, play an important role. For purulent inflammation of the producing layer of the skin of the cows hoof, a decrease in the concentration of these mineral substances is observed on 17.9 and 13.9%, respectively. Changes in the biochemical indices of the epidermis in the cows hoof for purulent pododermatitis also affected its biophysical properties. Thus, the density of the hoof horn was decreased by 7.3%, and the hardness by -2.5%. Consequently, purulent pododermatitis is accompanied by changes in certain biochemical and biophysical parameters of the hoof horn, which reflects the processes occurring in the epidermis of hoof and is one of the triggers of the development of inflammation of the skin of the cows hoof.

Violation of the conditions of animals keeping and the lack of proper level of veterinary and sanitary culture on farms does not allow to achieve a balance between the organism of the cattle and the environment of its stay. The uneven distribution of body weight on the surface of the sole caused by keeping animals on a rough floor promotes the emergence of producing corns, stretching of the tendons and ligaments, slippery flooring leads to the fall of animals and the occurrence of various injuries, in particular, fractures of the limbs, tensile bond, capsule of the joint, excessively hard floor – to excessive erosion of the horn of the sole, etc. In such herds it is difficult to maintain animal health at the proper level and prevent the occurrence of, in particular, aseptic pododermatitis. The article deals with  the results on the dissemination of aseptic pododermatitis in cows for the presence of animals on wooden and reinforced concrete slit floors during the winter and standstill period of containment. It has been established that aseptic pododermatitis in cows on reinforced concrete slit floor is registered in 71.6% of cases, while on wooden – only 28.4%. In the hoof horn of the thoracic and pelvic extremities of the cows, with aseptic pododermatitis, the amount of moisture decreased by 8.2 and 9.3% respectively, the concentration of SH-groups increases by 10.6 and 15.8%, with a possible decrease in the content of calcium, sulfur, cuprum and zinc; decreases the hoof horn density and resistance to abrasion of the epithelium of the hooves of the pelvic limbs by 1.6 and 18.0%, as well as the intensity of the abrasion sole hooves of the thoracic and pelvic limbs is increased by 7.5 and 20.0%, which helps to reduce the growth of the epidermis of the sole. Consequently, changes in certain biochemical and biophysical indices of hoof horns of cows suffering from aseptic pododermatitis, which were held on the reinforced concrete slit, indicate a deterioration in the quality of the epidermal hooves and excessive erosion of the sole, which is one of the causes of the occurrence and development of aseptic pododermatitis in cows.