FEM analysis of voltage drop in the anode connector induced by steel stub diameter reduction

Fortin, Hugues; Kandev, Nédeltcho; Fafard, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.finel.2011.10.006

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They are much stronger than rubbers. 4) Metals should be noncorrosive or a sacrificial anode should be added to the system (see for example ref [49]). 5) Dielectric fluids, or oil, are used to watertight the pins and sockets and seal them from seawater.…”

Section: Materials Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Electrical Connectors for Underwater Applications

Remouit

Ruiz‐Minguela

Engström

2018

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

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Abstract-The history of underwater electrical connectors is relatively new: In 1858, the first transatlantic communication cable was created. Since then, the need for subsea electrical connectors has been growing very fast in the offshore industry. Today numerous companies offer a large choice of underwater connectors and assemblies, and it can be intricate to distinguish the different technologies employed for each of them. However the use, deployment, maintenance, and lifetime of any subsea equipment, from a simple sonar to a wave energy converter, relies on its connectors. Hence the design of an underwater electrical connector is to be carefully looked at, and especially for tailor-made applications that have more specific requirements. To produce a good connector, it is necessary to account for thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, as well as to determine the best materials that should be used for the application. Finally, connector issues go hand in hand with the deployment and operation of any electrical equipment, and it is of interest to review the different techniques for cable connection, as well as the challenges related to cable layout. Those challenges can be of different nature, but they should all be taken into account for any subsea connection.

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Section: Materials Choicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Electrical Connectors for Underwater Applications

Remouit

Ruiz‐Minguela

Engström

2018

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

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“…Literature in the area was reviewed in recent years by Ding et al [2], Beier et al [3] and Fortin et al [4]. Their reviews highlighted a need for modeling the operation of the anode assembly more realistically and in greater depth towards achieving significant improvements in performance.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the air gap was calculated analytically. The same software codes were used by Fortin et al [4] who also calculated the air gap analytically in their more comprehensive work. Their fully coupled TEM model for cell operation was used to iteratively obtain steady state solutions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that opportunities for significant energy savings exist in the electrical connections and in particular the stub-tocarbon (STC) connection of pre-baked anode assemblies used in Hall-Héroult cells [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Given that smelting of metals is highly energy intensive and is performed on a large scale, any small improvement made in the design of anode assemblies is likely to translate into a large saving in operating costs and, potentially, to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Fully Coupled Thermal‐Electrical‐Mechanical Transient FEA Model for a 3D Anode Assembly

Gunasegaram¹,

Molenaar²

2013

Light Metals 2013

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“…Some of these phenomena are significantly coupled at interfaces, which impose noticeable resistance against the thermal and electrical flows [1]. Improving the HallHéroult process through reducing voltage drop is one of the most challenging subjects for the aluminum industry [2]. Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a Hall-Héroult cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%