“…Empirical research on how CEO gender (i.e., female or male) relates to firm performance is equivocal, with available evidence not allowing a clear conclusion (Laidoja, Li, Liu, & Ren, 2022). Indeed, most studies find no systematic relationship between the gender of the CEO and firm performance (for recent examples, (Al-Begali & Phua, 2023;Brush & Elam, 2023;Espinosa-Méndez & Correa, 2022;Kubo & Nguyen, 2021)), and those that find are inconsistent in their results, some identifying male (Wang, Holmes Jr, Devine, & Bishoff, 2018) and some female CEOs (e.g., (Hoang, Nguyen, & Van Tran, 2019)) connected with firm financial performance.…”