Fever, anorexia and forestomach hypomotility in ruminants

Abstract

Acute febrile diseases are characterized by specific and non-specific symptoms. The non-specific responses include among other signs fever, dullness, anorexia and changes in gastric function. It is the purpose of this review to describe present concepts of fever and the associated reactions produced by bacterial pyrogens and the mechanisms of those reactions. The available data indicate that interleukin-1 is a key mediator of host responses to bacterial infections. However, many questions have not yet been clearly answered. In particular, more detailed studies of the processes within the CNS responsible for anorexia are still required.

Influence of indomethacin on endotoxin-induced changes in gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity and some haematological and clinical parameters in the conscious piglet

“…Nevertheless, a reduction in the gastric emptying rate is observed, which is also not significantly influenced by pretreatment with flurbiprofen or suprofen (Van Miert, 1987). However, in a recent study on conscious fasted rats, pretreatment with indomethacin, at 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally, significantly reduced the duration of the LPS-induced changes in the small-intestinal MMC pattern, which were replaced by a succession of aborally propagating clusters of action potentials (Pons et aL, 1991).…”

“…Corresponding to these observations, pretreatment with flurbiprofen, another NSAID, delays the onset of endotoxin-induced ruminal stasis in goats, although the febrile reactions are completely abolished (Van Miert et al, 1977;Van Miert and Van Duin, 1982;Van Miert, 1987;Lohuis et aL, 1988). During LPS-induced ruminal stasis in the goat, the PG concentrations in sequential blood samples do not change from the control values.…”

“…Van Miert, 1987). Fever is mediated by endogenous substances such as interleukin-1 or endogenous pyrogen, which stimulate the thermoregulatory centres in the hypothalamus by inducing local prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) synthesis (Lohuis et al, 1988).…”

Pharmacological and pathophysiological modulation of food intake and forestomach motility in small ruminants

“…In ruminants, the APR to infections ( Offiah et al ., 1992 ; van Dam et al ., 1996 ) or LPS ( van Miert, 1987b; Coleman et al ., 1993 ) is associated with increases in plasma concentrations of growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, glucose and vasopressin, while the levels of insulin, thyroxin and triiodothyronine are depressed. In healthy goats however, ACTH, prednisolone, vasopressin as well as octapressin and oxytocin had no effect on short‐term feed intake ( van Miert et al ., 1989 ; van Miert & van Duin, 1991).…”

Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin following intravenousadministration in febrile goats

“…Further, disease conditions are known to alter the disposition of antimicrobials (Kumar et al 2010;Burrows 1986). Fever is most common manifestations of infectious diseases and is reported to induce biochemical and physiological alterations in the cells (Van Miert 1987). Alterations in the pharmacokinetics of various antimicrobial agents has been reported during experimentally-induced fever in ruminants (Rajput et al 2008;Dumka and Singh 2013;Dumka and Srivastava 2013).…”