Fibre analyses and in sacco degradability of plant fractions of two corn varieties harvested at various times

Flachowsky, Gerhard; Peyker, W.; Schneider, Astrid; Henkel, Kathrin

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(93)90141-6

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the literature, a broad range of values of starch degradation parameters are reported in corn grains depending on genotype [7,24,25], maturity at harvest [7,14,24,26] and sample preparation [18,24,25]. We observed a high rapidly degradable fraction but a relatively small slowly degradable fraction of starch compared to others [24] working at similar maturity (37% of DM at harvest).…”

Section: Starch Degradationmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Ruminal degradability of corn forages depending on the processing method employed

Jurjanz

Monteils

2005

Anim. Res.

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-The in sacco degradabilities of starch and fibre in corn were compared between kernel grains and the whole corn plant before and after ensiling using the nylon bag technique. The same plants were used, in order to exclude the effects of genotype or maturity at harvest. The incubation time course was carried out over 48 h on four cannulated dairy cows. The effective degradability of starch was lower in kernel grains (70.2%) than in the whole plant before (83.9%) and after (92.3%) ensiling. Starch degradation in whole plants was accelerated compared to kernel grains by a shift from the slowly degradable (from 61.3% to 31.9%) to the rapidly degradable fraction (from 35.9% to 65.6%) without significantly affecting the degradation constant rate (7.7 and 8.0% per h respectively for kernel grains and whole corn plants). The ensiling process improved starch degradation even further compared to whole fresh plants by significantly increasing the rapidly degradable fraction (80.7% versus 65.6%) and by a higher degradation constant rate (12.4% per h versus 8.0% per h). The fibre degradation was similar between grains and whole corn plants despite differences in their content and composition of NDF. However, ensiling significantly increased the rapidly degradable NDF fraction (15.2 versus 9.9%) and doubled its degradation constant rate (from 1.6% per h to 3.2% per h). This effect was probably due to improved hemicellulose degradation, because cellulose and lignin were not degraded differently between corn plants before and after ensiling. Mechanical cracking such as chopping at harvest improves ruminal starch degradation without altering fibre degradation but the ensiling process simultaneously increases the degradability of starch and fibres.ruminal degradation / corn processing / corn starch / corn fibres Résumé -Dégradation ruminale du maïs fourrage en fonction de sa forme de présentation. Les dégradations in sacco de l'amidon et des fibres ont été comparées entre le maïs grain et la plante entière avant et après fermentation en utilisant la technique des sachets nylon. L'utilisation des mêmes plantes a permis de contrôler les effets du génotype ou du stade de maturité à la récolte. L'étude a porté sur 48 h d'incubation avec 4 vaches fistulées. La dégradabilité théorique de l'amidon du maïs grain (70,2 %) est plus faible que celle de l'amidon de la plante entière avant (83,9 %) et après (92,3 %) fermentation. La dégradation d'amidon de la plante entière a été accélérée par rapport à celle du maïs grain par un déplacement d'une partie de la fraction lentement dégradable (de 61,3 à * Corresponding author: jurjanz@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr 4 S. Jurjanz, V. Monteils 31,9 %) vers la fraction rapidement dégradable (de 35,9 à 65,6 %) sans effet significatif sur le taux horaire de dégradation (7,7 et 8,0 % par h respectivement pour le grain et la plante entière). La fermentation de la plante entière améliore la dégradation de l'amidon par une augmentation significative de la fraction rapidement dégradable (de 65,6 à 80,7 %) ...

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Section: Starch Degradationmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…This has been shown not only for cell wall degradation in the rumen [7,11,35] but also for starch between grains of dent and flint genotypes [24,35]. Other authors [25] have noted increased ruminal starch degradability after ensiling, independently of corn genotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ruminal degradability of corn forages depending on the processing method employed

Jurjanz

Monteils

2005

Anim. Res.

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“…The whole maize plant is a forage with a moderate content of fibres and low content of CP (from 4 to 13% DM) and acid detergent lignin (from 1.0 and 7.4% DM) (Dardenne et al, 2005). During the maturing process of the plant, the cell wall content of stover increases (Flachowsky et al, 1993), but as the grain progresses, from the early dough stage to full maturity, the percentage of grain in the ear increases as does the ear-to-stover ratio. Consequently, the CP and fibre-content of the whole maize plant decrease and the DE increases, presumably due to the starch increase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritive value of dehydrated whole maize plant and its effect on performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits.

Martínez¹,

Biglia²,

Moya³

et al. 2010

World rabbit sci.

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Seven diets were formulated in order to determine the nutritive value of whole maize plant at three stages of maturity by substitution of a control diet (C) with 20% and 40% whole maize plant at early dough, mid-dent and mature stages of grain. A digestibility trial was performed with 74 rabbits. Digestible protein and energy values of whole maize plant at different maturity stages were calculated by substitution and regression procedures. A fattening experiment was carried out with 200 rabbits from weaning (28 days of age) giving ad libitum either diet C or 20% mature whole maize plant. One hundred and forty-three rabbits were slaughtered at 63 days of age and some carcass traits were measured.The crude protein and fibre content of whole maize plant decreases as the kernel matures (CP: 8.3, 8.1 and 7.6% DM; CF: 15.8, 12.6 and 13.4% DM; NDF: 45.3, 38.0 and 38.0% DM; ADF: 19.1, 15.0 and 16.1% DM for early dough, mid-dent and mature stages, respectively). The digestible energy concentration, calculated by regression, of whole maize plant increased (P<0.01) with maturity stage (8.5, 9.5 and 10.4 MJ/kg DM, respectively) but the digestible protein value was higher (P<0.01) at the intermediate maturity stage (3.7, 4.5 and 3.2% DM). Rabbits given the diet with 20% plant maize at the maturity stage had similar feed intake (101 vs. 99 g DM/d) and live weight gain (44 vs. 45 g/d) but a worse feed conversion index than C rabbits (2.29 vs. 2.21, P=0.03). No differences were found at slaughter in live weight, carcass characteristics and dressing percentage of rabbits fed the two experimental diets.

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“…In maize silage, a higher digestibility can be obtained by harvesting at an early stage of maturity (Jensen et al, 2005), by leaving a larger proportion of stubble behind in the field or, ultimately, by harvesting only the maize cobs (including kernels) for MCS (Flachowsky et al, 1993). MCS is an interesting alternative to grain feeding with digestibility and dietary properties between roughage and concentrate, and it has previously been shown that steers and bull calves for slaughter thrive on MCS and can maintain daily weight gains comparable to animals fed rolled barley (Umoh and Holmes, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk production is unaffected by replacing barley or sodium hydroxide wheat with maize cob silage in rations for dairy cows

Hymøller

Hellwing

Lund

et al. 2014

Animal

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Starch is an important energy-providing nutrient for dairy cows that is most commonly provided from cereal grains. However, ruminal fermentation of large amounts of easily degradable starch leads to excessive production and accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA). VFA not only play a vital role in the energy metabolism of dairy cows but are also the main cause of ruminal acidosis and depressed feed intake. The aim of the present study was to compare maize cob silage (MCS) as an energy supplement in rations for dairy cows with highly rumen-digestible rolled barley and with sodium hydroxide wheat (SHW), which has a higher proportion of by-pass starch than barley. Two studies were carried out: (1) a production study on 45 Danish Holstein cows and (2) an intensive study to determine digestibilities, rumen fermentation patterns and methane emission using three rumen-cannulated Danish Holstein cows. Both studies were organised as a 3 × 3 Latin square with three experimental periods and three different mixed rations. The rations consisted of grass-clover silage and maize silage (~60% of dry matter (DM)), rapeseed cake, soybean meal, sugar beet pulp and one of three different cereals as a major energy supplement: MCS, SHW or rolled barley (~25% of DM). When MCS replaced barley or SHW as an energy supplement in the mixed rations, it resulted in a lower dry matter intake; however, the apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter, NDF, starch and protein were not different between treatments. The energy-corrected milk yield was unaffected by treatment. The fat content of the milk on the MCS ration was not different from the SHW ration, whereas it was higher on the barley ration. The protein content of the milk decreased when MCS was used in the ration compared with barley and SHW. From ruminal VFA patterns and pH measures, it appeared that MCS possessed roughage qualities with respect to rumen environment, while at the same time being sufficiently energy rich to replace barley and SHW as a major energy supplement for milk production. The environmental impact, expressed as methane emissions, was not different when comparing MCS, SHW and barley.

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Fibre analyses and in sacco degradability of plant fractions of two corn varieties harvested at various times

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Ruminal degradability of corn forages depending on the processing method employed

Ruminal degradability of corn forages depending on the processing method employed

Nutritive value of dehydrated whole maize plant and its effect on performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits.

Milk production is unaffected by replacing barley or sodium hydroxide wheat with maize cob silage in rations for dairy cows

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