Ruminal degradability of corn forages depending 
on the processing method employed

Jurjanz, Stéfan; Monteils, Valérie

doi:10.1051/animres:2004041

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Therefore, ADICP and NDICP appeared to be ill-suited for mak- ing indirect inferences with regard to starch digestibility in HMC. Data from this study substantiates the hypothesis that hydrophobic zein proteins, especially γ-zeins, in the starch-protein matrix are degraded during the ensiling process as proposed by Philippeau and MichaletDoreau (1998) and Jurjanz and Monteils (2005). The γ-zeins lay peripheral to and cross-link with α-and δ-zeins in the starch-protein matrix, thereby adhering starch granules together and ostensibly forming the starch-protein matrix (Buchanan et al, 2000;Mu-Forster and Wasserman, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Philippeau and Michalet-Doreau, (1998) observed that ensiling grains increased ruminal starch degradability and hypothesized that ensiling increases accessibility of starch granules to rumen microorganisms, because hydrophobic zein proteins were degraded. Likewise, Jurjanz and Monteils (2005) observed ruminal degradability of starch to be greater for corn kernels after ensiling (92.3%) as compared with that of unensiled corn kernels (70.2%). The ensiling process improved starch degradation by increasing the rapidly degradable starch fraction (80.7 vs. 65.6%) and the starch degradation rate (12.4 vs. 8.0%/h).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…It has also been reported that rumen degradability of corn silage (Newbold et al, 2006), starch, and HMC DM (Benton et al, 2005) increases with ensiling time. It is frequently hypothesized that hydrophobic zein proteins, which form the starch-protein matrix, are degraded in the ensiling process (Philippeau and Michalet-Doreau, 1998;Jurjanz and Monteils, 2005), thereby allowing greater access to starch granules by rumen bacteria, but detailed evaluations of this hypothesis are limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ensiling process improved starch degradation by increasing the rapidly degradable starch fraction (80.7 vs. 65.6%) and the starch degradation rate (12.4 vs. 8.0%/h). Combined, these data (Baron et al, 1986;Philippeau and Michalet-Doreau, 1998;Jurjanz and Monteils, 2005) yield a mechanistic hypothesis as to why greater ruminal and total-tract starch digestibility is observed for HMC compared with the digestibility of dry corn (Firkins et al, 2001). It was the objective of this project to determine the effects of ensiling time and bacterial inoculation on the fate of hydrophobic zein proteins in the starch-protein matrix of HMC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of ensiling time and inoculation on alteration of the starch-protein matrix in high-moisture corn

Hoffman

Esser

Shaver

et al. 2011

Journal of Dairy Science

191

185

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The fates of hydrophobic zein proteins, which encapsulate corn starch to create vitreous endosperm, have not been investigated in high-moisture corn (HMC). To assess influences of ensiling time and inoculation on zein proteins in HMC, quadruplicate samples of 2 random corn hybrids (A and B), containing 25.7 and 29.3% moisture, were ground, inoculated with (I) or without 600,000 cfu/g of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI), and ensiled for 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 d. Nutrient composition [crude protein (CP), starch, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber], fermentation (pH, lactate, and acetate), and protein degradation markers (buffer-soluble CP, isopropanol-soluble CP, and NH3-N) were evaluated. At 0 and 240 d, α, γ, δ, and β zein subunits were profiled using HPLC. Data were evaluated as a split-split plot using the PROC MIXED procedures of SAS. Ensiling time and inoculation decreased pH, and altered lactate and acetate contents of HMC. Lactate and acetate contents of A, AI, B, and BI at 240 d were 0. 40, 0.32, 1.11, 0.73, and 0, 0.35, 0.30, and 0.87% of DM, respectively. Buffer-soluble CP in HMC increased from 1.5 to 2.0% of DM at 0 d to >4.0% of DM at 240 d. Inoculation had no effect on buffersoluble CP but increased NH3-N content of HMC. Corn A contained more isopropanol-soluble CP than did corn B and peak areas for 6 α, and all γ and δ zein regions were greater for corn A. Ensiling (0 vs. 240 d) decreased all zein subunits with the exception of 2 α and 1 δ subunit. Ensiling decreased (42.2-73.2%) γ zeins, which are primarily responsible for cross-linking in the starch-protein matrix. Despite altering lactate and acetate contents, inoculation had no effect on degrading hydrophobic zein proteins in HMC. Data suggest that hydrophobic zein proteins in the starch-protein matrix of HMC are degraded by proteolytic activity over an extended ensiling time. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. ABSTRACTThe fates of hydrophobic zein proteins, which encapsulate corn starch to create vitreous endosperm, have not been investigated in high-moisture corn (HMC). To assess influences of ensiling time and inoculation on zein proteins in HMC, quadruplicate samples of 2 random corn hybrids (A and B), containing 25.7 and 29.3% moisture, were ground, inoculated with (I) or without 600,000 cfu/g of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI), and ensiled for 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 d. Nutrient composition [crude protein (CP), starch, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber], fermentation (pH, lactate, and acetate), and protein degradation markers (buffersoluble CP, isopropanol-soluble CP, and NH 3 -N) were evaluated. At 0 and 240 d, α, γ, δ, and β zein subunits were profiled using HPLC. Data were evaluated as a split-split plot using the PROC MIXED procedures of SAS. Ensiling time and inoculat...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of ensiling time and inoculation on alteration of the starch-protein matrix in high-moisture corn

Hoffman

Esser

Shaver

et al. 2011

Journal of Dairy Science

191

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ensiling of ground corn grain increases ruminal degradability of starch, which may suggest that the process of silage fermentation can increase the access of rumen bacteria to starch granules by removing the protein barrier (PHILIPPEAU; MICHALET-DOREAU, 1998). The ensiling process of high-moisture corn grain increased the ruminal degradability of starch by 22.1% compared with dried corn grains (JURJANZ; MONTEILS, 2005). The effect of ensiling on the degradability of corn starch may occur by increasing the rapidly degradable fraction (fraction A) and the rate of starch degradation of corn grains in the silage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the ensiling time of hydrated ground corn on silage composition and in situ starch degradability

Arcari

Martins

Tomazi

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of time of ensiling on chemical composition and in situ degradability of starch of hydrated ground corn (HGC) with medium grain vitreousness. Corn grains harvested at 83% of dry matter (DM) and vitreosity content of 67% ± 3, were dried to 87% DM. Grains were milled into a device with 2 mm sieve, reconstituted to reach 67% DM, and ensiled (density of 880 Kg/m³) for up to 330 days. One HGC sample was collected monthly for in situ determination of composition, fermentation end products and for corn starch degradability. Ensiling time did not affect the DM and crude protein (CP) content of the HGC. However, starch concentration was reduced by 2.4 percentage points at 330 days compared to 3 days of ensiling. Increased concentrations of NH3-N (8.5 times), lactic acid (3.45 times), acetic acid (4.1 times), propionic acid (1.7 times), butyric acid (2.8 times) and alcohol (2.4 times) were observed during the ensiling period. The rapidly degradable fraction (fraction A) and the rate of degradation of the slowly degradable fraction (fraction C) of HGC starch were increased 3.51 and 2.21 times, respectively, during the ensiling period. Conversely, the slowly degradable fraction (fraction B) of the HGC starch was decreased 1.93 times during the ensiling period. The effective degradability of the starch of HGC increased for passage rates by 0.02/h (79.9% vs. 94.5%); 0.05/h (65.9% vs 90.01%) and 0.08/h (56.98 vs. 86.52%) when it was evaluated at 3 vs 330 days of ensiling, respectively. In conclusion, ensiling time affected the chemical composition and increases rumen starch degradability of HGC with medium vitreousness of the grain endosperm. Keywords:Corn. Starch degradability. Ensiling time. Chemical composition. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de ensilagem sobre a composição química e a degradabilidade in situ do amido do milho moído hidratado (MMH) em grãos de média vitreosidade. Os grãos de milho foram colhidos com 83% de matéria seca (MS) e vitreosidade de 67% ± 3, e foram secos até atingirem 87% de MS. Os grãos foram moídos a dois milímetros, sendo posteriormente reconstituídos, 67% MS, e ensilados (densidade de 880 kg / m³) para até 330 dias. Uma amostra MMH foi coletado mensalmente para a determinação da composição, produtos finais da fermentação e para degradabilidade in situ do amido de milho. O tempo de ensilagem não afetou o teor de MS e proteína bruta (PB). No entanto, a concentração de amido foi reduzido em 2,4 pontos percentuais em comparação de 3 com 330 dias de ensilagem. Foram observados o aumento das concentrações de N-NH3 (8,5 vezes), ácidos láctico (3,45 vezes), acético (4,1 vezes), propionico (1,7 vezes), butírico (2,8 vezes) e álcool (2,4 vezes), durante o período de ensilagem. A fracção rapidamente degradável (fração A) e a taxa de degradação da fracção lentamente degradável (fração C) do amido do MMH foram aumentadas 3,51 e 2,21 vezes, respectivamente, durante o período de ensilagem. Por outro lado, a fração lentament...

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Factors affecting starch utilization in large animal food production system: A review

et al. 2013

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Dietary starch from feed grains represent the major energy-yielding sources in diets for large animals and starch effective digestion has a great impact on animal energy intake for meeting the substantial energy requirement to improve meat or milk productions. In general, site, extent and rate of starch digestion are affected by intrinsic and external factors that can be interrelated and are thus not easily defined. As a consequence, research to obtain a deeper knowledge on how starch chemical and structural compositions may affect starch digestion potential of feed grains and therefore their nutritional value has progressed recently. The objectives of this review are: (1) to give an overview on inherent starch primary structures and interactions with other compounds within feed grains; (2) to discuss factors affecting starch digestion potential in feed grains; (3) to explore starch digestion mechanism, and linkages with animal performances, both for swine and ruminants. The criticism of methods commonly used to estimate starch digestibility from feed grains for swine and ruminants are also discussed.

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Ruminal degradability of corn forages depending on the processing method employed

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Influence of ensiling time and inoculation on alteration of the starch-protein matrix in high-moisture corn

Influence of ensiling time and inoculation on alteration of the starch-protein matrix in high-moisture corn

Effect of the ensiling time of hydrated ground corn on silage composition and in situ starch degradability

Factors affecting starch utilization in large animal food production system: A review

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