Fibrinogen as a Risk Factor for Stroke and Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

To study the possible risk factors for cardiovascular disease, we collected data on plasma levels of coagulation factors, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking in a random sample of 792 men 54 years of age. During 13.5 years of follow-up, myocardial infarction occurred in 92 men, stroke in 37, and death from causes other than myocardial infarction or stroke in 60. The blood pressure, degree of smoking, serum cholesterol, and fibrinogen level measured at the base-line examination proved to be significant risk factors for infarction by univariate analyses during follow-up, and blood pressure and fibrinogen were risk factors for stroke. Fibrinogen and smoking were strongly related to each other. The relation between fibrinogen and infarction, and between fibrinogen and stroke, became weaker when blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking habits were taken into account, but was still significant for stroke. Although causality cannot be inferred from these data, it is possible that the fibrinogen level plays an important part in the development of stroke and myocardial infarction.

A Study of Plasma Fibrinogen Level in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Relation to Glycemic Control

“…Diabetic patients have higher cardiovascular morbidity than non diabetic subjects. Several studies have shown that haemostatic factor especially hyperfibrinogenemia is implicated as a source of atherosclerosis and its complications [6][7][8].Studies have reported that fibrinogen levels were higher in diabetics than in controls [3][4][5]. Very few studies have been done regarding the association of fibrinogen with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus [6,7,9].In view of above concepts and due to paucity of similar studies, this study has been undertaken to know the significance of fibrinogen as risk factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation with glycemic control.…”

Perceived health modifies the effect of biomedical risk factors in the prediction of acute myocardial infarction. An incident case–control study from northern Sweden

“…Documented independent risk factors for ischaemic heart disease from the Framingham Heart Study [2] and other studies are older age, male gender, low HDL cholesterol [3], elevated total [4] and LDL cholesterol, elevated blood pressure [5], cigarette smoking [6], diabetes and left ventricular hypertrophy on an electrocardiogram [2]. In addition, several factors involved in haemostasis such as fibrinogen [7], von Willebrand factor [8], t-PA mass concentration [9] and PAI-1 [10] have been shown to be related to coronary events.…”

Increased plasma fibrin gel porosity in patients with Type I diabetes during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

“…Almost half of the patients had dyslipidemia and the inflammatory markers hs-CRP and S-AA were within the upper normal range, indicating subclinical inflammation and/or endothelial dysfunction [26]. Several studies have indicated that acute-phase reactants, such as plasma fibrinogen, CRP and S-AA, are independent predictors of cardiovascular disease [3][4][5][6]8]. In the present study, dyslipidemia and an upregulation of inflammatory markers indicate that these patients are at high risk of vascular complications, e.g.…”

“…Hyperglycemia plays a major role in the development of microangiopathy [1,2] and, possibly, macroangiopathy [2]. Plasma fibrinogen and other circulating markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A-antigen (S-AA) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), are also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Fibrinogen is frequently elevated in diabetic patients, particularly in those with vascular complications and impaired metabolic control [3].…”