Field Evaluation of Deet and a Piperidine Repellent AgainstAedes communis(Diptera: Culicidae) andSimulium venustum(Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Adirondack Mountains of New York

Abstract

Repellent efficacy of N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet), the piperidine, 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), and a 1:1 ratio of deet + AI3-37220 were evaluated topically (0.25 mg/cm2 applied in ethanol solution) on human volunteers against the mosquito Aedes communis (DeGeer) and the black fly Simulium venustum Say. The average repellency of all three formulations was > 95% at 4 h. For both mosquitoes and black flies, deet alone provided < 90% protection at 6 h, whereas AI3-37220 provided > 95% protection. Although repellent treatments were not significantly different overall, the contrasts between AI3-3720 versus deet were significant at 6 and 8 h. The 95% confidence interval on percent repellency at 6 h ranged from 90.1 to 98.9% for AI3-37220 versus 64.3 to 82.2% for deet, and at 8 h ranged 76.1 to 88.5% for AI3-37220 versus 47.8 to 64.0% for deet. Similarly, the confidence interval for protection against black flies at 6 h by (AI3-37220 ranged from 86.3 to 99.5% and did not overlap with the confidence interval provided by deet alone (51.2 to 78.8%). There was no evidence of synergistic repellency from a combination of the two compounds; i.e., protection from combined compounds was no better than either repellent used alone.

The role of the United States military in the development of vector control products, including insect repellents, insecticides, and bed nets

“…In recent years, there has been a U.S. military focus on SS220, which had been specially formulated into compounds for WRAIR repellent field and laboratory tests. Although studies have demonstrated that SS220 is an effective repellent (Debboun et al 2000, Klun et al 2004, Watanaporn Dheranetra, unpublished data), it is expensive to produce and not EPA registered, and no business is currently working to market SS220 products. Research focus has therefore shifted to formulations containing Picaridin and IR3535®, both recommended for arthropod‐borne disease prevention by the World Health Organization in 2005.…”

Repelentes de insetos: recomendações para uso em crianças

“…Em concentração de 10% confere proteção por um período de três a cinco horas e, a 20%, de oito a dez horas (6) . Sua ação é comparável a concentrações de 15-50% de DEET, mas permite reaplicações em intervalos maiores de tempo (6,8,(18)(19)(20) . Estudo africano verificou que a potência do KBR 3023 contra o Anopheles gambiae não difere do DEET, mas contra o Aedes aegypti é de 1,1 a 2,0 vezes mais potente (21) .…”

The Role of the United States Military in the Development of Vector Control Products, Including Insect Repellents, Insecticides, and Bed Nets

“…In recent years, there has been a U.S. military focus on SS220, which had been specially formulated into compounds for WRAIR repellent field and laboratory tests. Although studies have demonstrated that SS220 is an effective repellent (Debboun et al 2000, Klun et al 2004, it is expensive to produce and not EPA registered, and no business is currently working to market SS220 products. Research focus has therefore shifted to formulations containing Picaridin and IR3535®, both recommended for arthropodborne disease prevention by the World Health Organization in 2005.…”