Field Measurements of Drift of Conventional and Drift Control Formulations of 2,4-D Plus Glyphosate

Havens, Patrick L.; Hillger, David E.; Hewitt, Andrew; Kruger, Greg R.; Marchi-Werle, Lia; Czaczyk, Zbigniew

doi:10.1017/wet.2018.55

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Downwind distance influenced the D V0.1 , D V0.5 , D V0.9 , and spray drift coverage (P < 0.0001) on WSP, whereas nozzle type had no effect on these parameters (Table 4). The volumetric parameters (D V0.1 , D V0.5 , and D V0.9 ) decreased as the downwind distance was increased, indicating greater off-target movement of smaller droplets as previously reported (Alves et al 2017a(Alves et al , 2017bBueno et al 2017;Havens et al 2018;Johnson et al 2006;Vieira et al 2018a;Zhu et al 1994). The results corroborate the spray-deposition findings reported on Mylar cards, where both TDXL11004 and AIXR11004 nozzles had similar drift potential results despite the differences in spray droplet size and velocity.…”

Section: Spray Drift Deposition On Water-sensitive Paperssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Despite efforts surrounding proper nozzle selection (Creech et al 2015;Dorr et al 2013), new herbicide formulations and adjuvants (Antuniassi et al 2016;Havens et al 2018;Hilz and Vermeer 2013;Kalsing et al 2018;Li et al 2013), new spraying techniques (Butts et al 2018c;Rodrigues et al 2018), and strategies to mitigate spray drift (Foster et al 2018;Ucar and Hall 2001;Vieira et al 2018a), 2,4-D remains a herbicide associated with drift and crop injury complaints (Egan et al 2014;Havens et al 2018). The hypothesis of this study was that differences in droplet size and droplet velocity could influence spray drift of Enlist Duo ® applications with venturi nozzles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applications of 2,4-D on soybean require the use of venturi nozzles having air-inclusion and preorifice components to reduce pressure during atomization, thereby increasing spray droplet size and reducing particle drift potential (Creech et al 2015;Dorr et al 2013). Spray drift reduction (particles and vapor) can also be achieved with the development of new emulsion formulations, including the glyphosate dimethylamine salt þ 2,4-D choline pre-mixture formulation (Enlist Duo ® , Corteva™ Agriscience, Wilmington, DE 19805) tested in this study (Antuniassi et al 2016;Havens et al 2018;Kalsing et al 2018;Li et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle drift potential of glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline pre-mixture formulation in a low-speed wind tunnel

et al. 2020

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The introduction of 2,4-D–resistant soybean and cotton provided growers a new POST active ingredient to include in weed management programs. The technology raises concerns regarding potential 2,4-D off-target movement to sensitive vegetation, and spray droplet size is the primary management factor focused on to reduce spray particle drift. The objective of this study was to investigate the droplet size distribution, droplet velocity, and particle drift potential of glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline pre-mixture (Enlist Duo®) applications with two commonly used venturi nozzles in a low-speed wind tunnel. Applications with the TDXL11004 nozzle had larger DV0.1 (291 µm), DV0.5 (544 µm), and DV0.9 (825 µm) values compared with the AIXR11004 nozzle (250, 464, and 709 µm, respectively), and slower average droplet velocity (8.1 m s−1) compared with the AIXR11004 nozzle (9.1 m s−1). Nozzle type had no influence on drift deposition (P = 0.65), drift coverage (P = 0.84), and soybean biomass reduction (P = 0.76). Although the TDXL11004 nozzle had larger spray droplet size, the slower spray droplet velocity could have influenced the nozzle particle drift potential. As a result, both TDXL11004 and AIXR11004 nozzles had similar spray drift potential. Further studies are necessary to understand the impact of droplet velocity on drift potential at field scale and test how different tank solutions, sprayer configurations, and environmental conditions could influence the droplet size and velocity dynamics and consequent drift potential in pesticide applications.

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Section: Spray Drift Deposition On Water-sensitive Paperssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle drift potential of glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline pre-mixture formulation in a low-speed wind tunnel

et al. 2020

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“…can reduce drift (Mortensen et al, 2012). In addition, modern formulations of 2,4-D and dicamba are less volatile than previous formulations (Havens et al, 2018;Sosnoskie et al, 2015). However, if applicators fail to use appropriate application practices out of convenience or cost, the risks of off-target movement increase.…”

Section: Preliminary and Regional Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Single Drift Events of 2,4-D and Dicamba on Pecan Trees

Wells

Prostko

Carter

2019

hortte

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A large number of agronomic and horticultural crops are susceptible to injury and yield loss from drift-level exposures to synthetic auxin herbicides. A new generation of genetically modified crops including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), field corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and canola (Brassica napus) with resistance to dicamba and 2,4-D herbicides has been developed to address the problem of glyphosate-resistant weeds. In the few years since their commercial introduction, these technologies have been rapidly adopted. The objective of this study was to determine the potential effects of simulated, single drift events of 2,4-D and dicamba on pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees. 2,4-D amine [3.8 lb/gal acid equivalent (a.e.)] or dicamba-Diglycolamine salt (4.0 lb/gal a.e.) were applied in 1.0%, 0.1%, and 0.01% by volume spray solutions to pecan trees in June 2013. In 2016 and 2017, 2,4-D choline (3.8 lb/gal a.e.) or dicamba-N,N-Bis-(3-aminopropyl) methylamine (5.0 lb/gal a.e.) were applied in 1.0%, 0.1%, and 0.01% by volume spray solutions to pecan trees in May. These results suggest that serious injury can occur to pecan trees receiving a drift application of 1.0% by volume dicamba or 2,4-D. This injury includes deformed foliage, dead foliage, dead limbs, and/or branches, and arrested nut development. There were no major differences in the response of pecan to either dicamba or 2,4-D at similar rates in this study. Pecan damage resulting from off-target movement of 2,4-D and dicamba at rates ≥1% by volume has the potential to cause significant injury. Yield was not negatively affected by any of the treatments, suggesting that pecan trees can compensate for the observed injury to some extent. The effect of treatments on percent kernel was variable.

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“…Biotechnology-driven herbicide-resistance traits (e.g., 2,4-D-and dicamba-resistant soybean) are technologies that have led to striking advancements in agricultural crop weed management systems [4], although both herbicides have potential to provide injury to sensitive broadleaf plants in close proximity from off-target movement [5,6]. There have been numerous reports of off-target movement for dicamba from its use in dicamba-resistant soybean [7], and there is concern that greater adoption of 2,4-D-resistant crops may lead to more off-target movement of this herbicide as well [8]. This review provides an overview of the reliance on herbicide-resistant (HR) crops, the weed resistance issues that resulted from their mismanagement, the new herbicide trait technologies developed to better manage weed resistance, and some issues resulting from the field implementation of these new technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Challenges for Weed Management in Herbicide-Resistant Crops

2019

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Since weed management is such a critical component of agronomic crop production systems, herbicides are widely used to provide weed control to ensure that yields are maximized. In the last few years, herbicide-resistant (HR) crops, particularly those that are glyphosate-resistant, and more recently, those with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) resistance are changing the way many growers manage weeds. However, past reliance on glyphosate and mistakes made in stewardship of the glyphosate-resistant cropping system have directly led to the current weed resistance problems that now occur in many agronomic cropping systems, and new technologies must be well-stewarded. New herbicide-resistant trait technologies in soybean, such as dicamba-, 2,4-D-, and isoxaflutole- ((5-cyclopropyl-4-isoxazolyl)[2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone) resistance, are being combined with glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistance traits to manage herbicide-resistant weed populations. In cropping systems with glyphosate-resistant weed species, these new trait options may provide effective weed management tools, although there may be increased risk of off-target movement and susceptible plant damage with the use of some of these technologies. The use of diverse weed management practices to reduce the selection pressure for herbicide-resistant weed evolution is essential to preserve the utility of new traits. The use of herbicides with differing sites of action (SOAs), ideally in combination as mixtures, but also in rotation as part of a weed management program may slow the evolution of resistance in some cases. Increased selection pressure from the effects of some herbicide mixtures may lead to more cases of metabolic herbicide resistance. The most effective long-term approach for weed resistance management is the use of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) which may build the ecological complexity of the cropping system. Given the challenges in management of herbicide-resistant weeds, IWM will likely play a critical role in enhancing future food security for a growing global population.

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Field Measurements of Drift of Conventional and Drift Control Formulations of 2,4-D Plus Glyphosate

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Particle drift potential of glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline pre-mixture formulation in a low-speed wind tunnel

Particle drift potential of glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline pre-mixture formulation in a low-speed wind tunnel

Simulated Single Drift Events of 2,4-D and Dicamba on Pecan Trees

Emerging Challenges for Weed Management in Herbicide-Resistant Crops

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