Field of view and base of support width influence postural responses to visual stimuli during quiet stance

Streepey, Jefferson W.; Kenyon, Robert V.; Keshner, Emily A.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.12.013

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Hollands et al (2002) suggest that adopting this strategy allowed individuals to directly determine optic flow using information from the focus of expansion and eliminated the need to decompose retinal flow. While no studies have previously investigated gaze behaviours during locomotor tasks where the base of support is progressively narrowed, our results suggest that visual information is used in a similar way to that described by Streepey et al (2007) who found that when stance is biomechanically narrowed, the base of support shifts neural control forward from somatosensory sensory inputs arising from the feet and legs to greater use of visual feedback from external locations. Cromwell et al (2004) found that fixating an earth-fixed target improved head stability and reduced variability in head-truck movements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In the present study, we examined the effects of narrowing the base of support on the gaze behaviours and stepping actions of elite ballet dancers and controls. Streepey et al (2007) decreased the base of support during quiet stance and found greater reliance on vision when stance became biomechanically more unstable, which they describe as a shifting of sensory weighting from somatosensory to visual feedback and control. The effect of narrowing the base has also been explored in the context of ageing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of narrowing the base of support on the gait, gaze and quiet eye of elite ballet dancers and controls

Panchuk

Vickers

2011

Cogn Process

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We determined the gaze and stepping behaviours of elite ballet dancers and controls as they walked normally and along progressively narrower 3-m lines (l0.0, 2.5 cm). The ballet dancers delayed the first step and then stepped more quickly through the approach area and onto the lines, which they exited more slowly than the controls, which stepped immediately but then slowed their gait to navigate the line, which they exited faster. Contrary to predictions, the ballet group did not step more precisely, perhaps due to the unique anatomical requirements of ballet dance and/or due to releasing the degrees of freedom under their feet as they fixated ahead more than the controls. The ballet group used significantly fewer fixations of longer duration, and their final quiet eye (QE) duration prior to stepping on the line was significantly longer (2,353.39 ms) than the controls (1,327.64 ms). The control group favoured a proximal gaze strategy allocating 73.33% of their QE fixations to the line/off the line and 26.66% to the exit/visual straight ahead (VSA), while the ballet group favoured a 'look-ahead' strategy allocating 55.49% of their QE fixations to the exit/VSA and 44.51% on the line/off the line. The results are discussed in the light of the development of expertise and the enhanced role of fixations and visual attention when more tasks become more constrained.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of narrowing the base of support on the gait, gaze and quiet eye of elite ballet dancers and controls

Panchuk

Vickers

2011

Cogn Process

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“…On the other hand, it was reported that visual information obtained under conditions of its conflict with information from other sensory inputs can exert a rapid and rather intense effect on the postural reactions [19,20]. It was found that the effects of sudden shifts of the perceived visual environment on the postural stability depend on the parameters of such displacements and also on information on the properties of the support and state of the muscles involved in postural maintenance [2,[21][22][23]. The results of our earlier study [23] allowed us to believe that, under conditions of a sensory conflict, selection of one afferent system or another as a leading one for the formation of the coordinate system and the arrangement of motor corrections stabilizing the vertical body position can play a significant role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Responses Evoked by Vibrational Stimulation of the Shin Muscles under Conditions of Virtual Visual Environment

2010

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We studied the effects of unexpected shifts of the visually perceived artificial surroundings (virtual visual environment, VVE) on postural reactions evoked by vibrational stimulation of proprioceptors of the shin muscles; tests were performed in a standing position of the subject. The VVE possessed two planes, a mobile foreground, whose displacements correlated with oscillations of the body, and a stationary background. The subjects were asked to use the latter as a reference system in corrections of the posture. The VVE parameters were controlled by a computer; shifts of the VVE foreground were combined with similar, in their duration and profile, stimulation-evoked displacements of the body. Despite the fact that the subjects had a possibility to use the stationary background as the reference system, the magnitudes of the evoked postural responses under conditions of perception of the VVE significantly exceeded the respective magnitudes upon standing with the eyes open in front of a completely stationary visual image. Postural responses progressively increased with increases in relative values of the shifts of the VVE foreground but always remained smaller than the responses under conditions of testing with the eyes closed. Augmentation of the postural responses at a synphase pattern of interrelations between the body movements and VVE shifts was more significant than at antiphase relations. Thus, shifts of the VVE foreground, on the one hand, destabilized the maintenance of the vertical posture, which resulted in intensification of the postural responses. On the other hand, such shifts allowed the subject to use them as feedback signals and to modulate the magnitude of postural responses when there was a change in the direction of interrelations between the body movements and the perceived visual image.

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“…The sway in M/L direction reflected the loading and unloading mechanism of the hip abductors ('hip strategy') [6,7], while that in A/P direction was controlled by the ankle plantar-and dorsiflexors ('anklestrategy') [8]. When standing on a reduced BOS, the ankle torque production was limited through reducing the moment arm available to the ankle stabilizing muscles, and proprioceptive information might be also altered [11]. So the altered mechanics of a smaller BOS happened.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, such reduction like shortening the anterior length of foot brought instability mainly in the A/P direction because of an imperfect ankle control resulting in of the long latency reflexes. Such an imperfect ankle control kept an inappropriately large reflex from further promoting instability, but information from the proprioceptor could still provide accurate information about the characteristics of the support surface [11]. So perception of the support surface reduction might increase the reliance on visual information for the posture control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency spectral characteristics of standing balance with partial foot support

Fan

et al. 2010

2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes of spectral frequency characteristics of standing balance control under the conditions of reducing foot support base. Eight female and eight male young adults (mean age 21.2±1.4 years) were tested for standing balance under ten test conditions. Ground reaction forces measured with a force platform during repeated trials of standing were analyzed using spectral analysis. The median spectral frequencies and the absolute slopes in the anterior-posterior and the medial-lateral directions were taken as variables. Results showed that the spectral characteristics of postural forces were significantly affected by reducing foot support base in the anterior-posterior direction. The median frequency in the A/P direction was higher when reducing both sides of foot support. It implied that subjects suffered more from an imperfect ankle control with reducing the base of support, and more emphasis needed to be placed on the perturbations that disrupted the A/P stability.

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Field of view and base of support width influence postural responses to visual stimuli during quiet stance

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of narrowing the base of support on the gait, gaze and quiet eye of elite ballet dancers and controls

Effect of narrowing the base of support on the gait, gaze and quiet eye of elite ballet dancers and controls

Postural Responses Evoked by Vibrational Stimulation of the Shin Muscles under Conditions of Virtual Visual Environment

Frequency spectral characteristics of standing balance with partial foot support

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