A novel three-dimensional hole gas (3DHG) enhancement-mode (E-mode) heterostructure fieldeffect transistor (HFET) is proposed and investigated. It features back-to-back graded AlGaN (BGA) barrier layers consisting of a positive-graded AlGaN layer and a negative-graded AlGaN layer, which form polarization gradient and subsequently induce the three-dimensional electron gas (3DEG) and 3DHG in the positiveand negative-graded AlGaN layers, respectively. The source and drain are located at the same side of the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) trench gate, and the source is in contact with the HfO 2 gate insulator. First, the on-state current is significantly improved owing to the high-density 3DEG in the positive-graded AlGaN. Next, the vertical conductive channel between the source and 3DEG is blocked by the 3DHG, thereby realizing the E-mode. The threshold voltage (V th) can be modulated by a partial doping conductive channel. Subsequently, a high breakdown voltage (BV) is obtained, because the polarization junction formed by the polarization charges assists in depleting the drift region in the off-state. Next, the BGA-HFET is smaller than the conventional HFET (Con-HFET) owing to the special location of the source. The BV of the proposed HFET sharply increases to 919 V from 39 V of the Con-HFET with the same gate-drain spacing, and the saturation drain current is increased by 103.5%.