2014
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5277-13.2014
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Fine-Scale Plasticity of Microscopic Saccades

Abstract: When asked to maintain their gaze steady on a given location, humans continually perform microscopic eye movements, including fast gaze shifts known as microsaccades. It has long been speculated that these movements may contribute to the maintenance of fixation, but evidence has remained contradictory. We used a miniaturized version of saccadic adaptation, an experimental procedure by which motor control of saccades is modified through intrasaccadic displacements of the target. We found that the statistical di… Show more

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Cited by 24 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…Together with recent findings highlighting the similarity between saccades and microsaccades in terms of production mechanisms and extraretinal influences (Hafed, Goffart & Krauzlis 2009; Hafed 2013; Havermann et al 2014; Snodderly 2015), the results of Figures 6 and 7 provide strong support to Cunitz and Steinman’s (1969) proposal that microsaccades are exploratory movements like larger saccades. They indicate that outside of the laboratory, when fixation is not enforced, a subdivision between saccades and microsaccades is not warranted.…”
Section: Visual Functions Of Microsaccadessupporting
confidence: 82%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Together with recent findings highlighting the similarity between saccades and microsaccades in terms of production mechanisms and extraretinal influences (Hafed, Goffart & Krauzlis 2009; Hafed 2013; Havermann et al 2014; Snodderly 2015), the results of Figures 6 and 7 provide strong support to Cunitz and Steinman’s (1969) proposal that microsaccades are exploratory movements like larger saccades. They indicate that outside of the laboratory, when fixation is not enforced, a subdivision between saccades and microsaccades is not warranted.…”
Section: Visual Functions Of Microsaccadessupporting
confidence: 82%
“…For example, they can be made in response to small displacements of a target (Timberlake et al 1972; Wyman & Steinman 1973; Havermann et al 2014) and to look in specified directions (Haddad & Steinman 1973; Ko, Poletti & Rucci 2010). Even under sustained fixation, microsaccades become less frequent by simply changing the instruction from “fixate” to “hold the eyes still” (Steinman et al 1967), and it has long been suggested that they may correct for fixational displacements (Cornsweet 1956).…”
Section: Types Of Fixational Eye Movementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, microsaccades show clear signs of voluntary control. For example, they can be made in response to small displacements of the fixated target (Timberlake et al, 1972; Wyman and Steinman, 1973; Havermann et al, 2014) and to look in specified directions (Haddad and Steinman, 1973; Ko et al, 2010). As we will discuss later in this article, microsaccades precisely relocate gaze toward nearby regions of interest in high acuity tasks (Section 3.3) and may be voluntarily executed also during sustained fixation, perhaps to compensate for fixation errors (Cornsweet, 1956).…”
Section: Challenges Associated With the Study Of Microsaccadesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, similar visually-driven and extraretinal modulations have been observed in neurons in the primary visual cortex for both fixational saccades and small voluntary saccades (Kagan et al, 2008). Even phenomena that were once considered to be exclusive domain of larger saccades, such as saccadic adaptation or peri-saccadic perceptual alterations (Hafed, 2013; Havermann et al, 2014), are now known to extend to the range of microsaccades.…”
Section: Some Conclusion and Some Open Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Do similar strategies extend to fixational eye movements? Recent results suggest the presence of extraretinal signals both for microsaccades [23, 40, 74] and ocular drift [75], but it remains unknown how these signals participate in the decoding of spatial information during normal fixation. Decoupling of retinal and extra-retinal signals is necessary to examine this question.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%