Finite element simulation of buckling-induced failure of carbon fibre-reinforced laminated composite panels embedded with damage zones

The effect of simultaneous heat/fire and impact on carbon fibril and particle release from carbon fiber‐reinforced composites

“…[38][39][40] With a conical impactor more energy is absorbed resulting in penetration, [41] which was not required in this study, hence not included here. A flat nose impactor (as (B) in Table 1) does not result in total penetration rather induces matrix cracking, delamination and fiber breakage, [41][42][43] as also seen here in Figure 4B. The hemispherical impactors produce the highest contact force when the impact velocities remain below 20 m/s.…”

Finite element simulation of carbon fibre-reinforced composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact using damage induced static load-deflection methodology

“…Localisation of an impact damage based on mechanical wave propagation in plate-type structures has been continuously studied. The study has evolved with the use of sensors, signal processing methods, and computing power [1,2,3,25]. The analogy was applied to simulate laminates embedded with pre-assumed zones of specified damage size, location, and type.…”

“…The components of the stiffness matrix and compliance matrix of lamina can be related to the material constants. The anisotropic material matrix has nine nonzero coefficients where only four of the coefficients are independent because they can all be expressed in terms of the four independent stiffness of the especially orthotropic material [1,9]. Stress-strain relationship for the undamaged plate is represented below in Eq.…”

“…As damage initiation and propagation can be easily detected, measured with greater accuracy and correlated between deflection and visible damage size (dent or crack length). The deflection can also be directly measured in tension or compression to achieve elastic failure due to low shear strength [1]. The methodology also greatly simplifies theoretical analysis as time-dependent terms in the governing equations do not appear and much more data can be obtained [2,3].…”

“…In order to avoid numerical problems, the coefficients contained in matrix were not equated to zero but to a very small numbers, the procedure is described in [25,26]. Pre-assumed matrix, fibre, and fibre-matrix shearing failure modes were introduced by the loss of corresponding material properties and Poisson's effects [1]. For delamination, the material loss and Poisson's effect are pre-assumed in the thickness direction.…”