Fire Detection Factor of Polyurethane Foam Fire Experiment in UL 268

최, 유정; 최, 수길; 남, 영재; 김, 시국

doi:10.7731/kifse.6c45aaa1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To derive smoke and CO alarm concentrations for smoke and CO combination detectors in the event of a fire, the fire alarm test was conducted for polyurethane foam fire, which caused the nonoperation of photoelectric smoke detectors in the existing UL 268 research results, and smoldering wood with the high adaptability of CO owing to smoldering [6,7]. The test with polyurethane foam fire and smoldering wood was conducted under the same test standards in the fire test site with the size specified in UL 268 shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Fire Alarm Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Smoke and CO Alarm Concentrations to Develop a Smoke & CO Combination Detector

Kim

2023

Int J Fire Sci Eng

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In this study, we studied smoke and CO alarm concentrations to develop a combination detector for both smoke and CO. The derivation of smoke and CO alarm concentrations involved examining CO concentrations by smoke concentration using a sensitivity tester, typically employed for the type approval of photoelectric smoke detectors. Fire alarm and false alarm tests were performed to analyze smoke and CO concentrations further. In the fire alarm test conducted with polyurethane foam, generating black smoke with a reduced light scattering effect in the smoke chamber, no fire alarm was triggered, although the fire alarm concentration of the existing photoelectric smoke detector of sensitivity type 2 was set at 15 %/m. The measured smoke concentration reached only up to 10.2 %/m. Conversely, in the false alarm test with sliced pork belly and mackerel, false alarms occurred as the smoke concentration exceeded 15 %/m. The determined smoke and CO alarm concentrations for the combination detectors were established at 7.5 %/m for smoke (continuously for 10 s) and 15 ppm for CO (continuously for 10 s). Applying these concentrations in subsequent tests revealed an improved performance. In the polyurethane foam fire, where the existing smoke detector failed to operate, a fire alarm was issued at 328 s with the newly derived concentrations. For smoldering wood, the combination detector issued a fire alarm 305 s faster than the existing smoke detector. Furthermore, in the false alarm test with hamburger patty, sliced pork belly, and mackerel, the adaptability of false alarms was enhanced.

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Section: Fire Alarm Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Smoke and CO Alarm Concentrations to Develop a Smoke & CO Combination Detector

Kim

2023

Int J Fire Sci Eng

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“…Hong (6) (7) 은 소규모 작동시험인 연기감지기 감도시험기를 통한 실험과 의 실규모 작동시험 중 종이화원을 이용한 시험기준 및 UL 268 방법을 기반으로 한 실험을 진행하였고 결과로써 실내공기질 측정인자들의 화재 감지 경향성을 파악하여 화재 감지영역 값 을 제안하였다 등 . Choi (8) 은 의 실규모 작동시험인 폴 UL 268 리우레탄 폼 화재시험기준을 기반으로 한 실험 및 연소생성물 에 대해 실내공기질 측정센서로써 화재 판단영역을 제안하였 다 등 . Choi (9) 은 의 실규모 부작동시험인 UL 268 cooking nuisance 를 기반으로 한 실험을 실시하였고 시료인 햄 smoke alarm test 버거패티에서 발생한 요리부산물에 대해 실내공기질 측정센서 로써 비화재보 판단영역을 제안하였다.…”

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Improvement of Smoke Detector Sensitivity Test Standards

Jung¹,

Hwang²,

Choi³

et al. 2022

Fire Sci. Eng.

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This study was conducted to determine methods for improving sensitivity standards for smoke detectors. The smoke detection theory was theoretically reviewed, and local and international indoor air quality and sensitivity test standards were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the uniformity of the specimen, nonreflection of spatial characteristics, differences in experimental methods, and simple test conditions were limitations for local sensitivity test standards. Small-scale sensitivity tests performed according to Korean standards and Go/No-go tests (actual-scale sensitivity test) according to UL268 were conducted to improve the limitations of the Korean sensitivity test standards. The analysis results showed that carbon monoxide and particulate matter 10.0 could be used as factors when configuring test conditions. The equation between obscuration and selected factors was derived. The enactment of standards related to actual-scale sensitivity tests in Korea and the revision of test conditions by applying the equation of selected factors were proposed to improve sensitivity tests.

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Study on the Application of Carbon Monoxide Sensors for the Prevention of Unwanted Alarms

Choi¹,

Choi²,

Kim³

2023

Fire Sci. Eng.

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This study analyzed the applicability of CO sensors through UL 268 unwanted alarm tests and real-scale unwanted alarm verification tests tailored to the domestic format. A comprehensive literature review indicated that the UL 268 fire test and the cooking nuisance test results revealed the fire-detection concentration and unwanted alarm concentration of CO and suggested that a real fire can be detected if the concentration of CO is above 17 ppm. Accordingly, during the pork belly and mackerel cooking events, which triggers frequent unwanted alarms in domestic multi-unit dwellings, the UL 268 domestic-type and real-scale unwanted alarm tests were conducted. The test results proved that the smoke detector sufficiently generated a fire alarm owing to the cooking by-products, as it measured up to 21.0 ppm, which is the maximum smoke concentration of the analog smoke detector under all conditions. However, as it was confirmed that the CO concentration was not more than 4.9 ppm in all experiments, it was confirmed that it was suitable for the fire and unwanted alarm-detection concentrations suggested in previous studies. Therefore, in the case of fire detectors, to prevent unwanted alarms in the future, it is important to distinguish between fire alarms and unwanted alarms further through crosschecking according to the applications of smoke and CO sensors.

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Fire Detection Factor of Polyurethane Foam Fire Experiment in UL 268

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Study on the Smoke and CO Alarm Concentrations to Develop a Smoke & CO Combination Detector

Study on the Smoke and CO Alarm Concentrations to Develop a Smoke & CO Combination Detector

Improvement of Smoke Detector Sensitivity Test Standards

Study on the Application of Carbon Monoxide Sensors for the Prevention of Unwanted Alarms

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Fire Detection Factor of Polyurethane Foam Fire Experiment in UL 268

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Study on the Smoke and CO Alarm Concentrations to Develop a Smoke &amp; CO Combination Detector

Study on the Smoke and CO Alarm Concentrations to Develop a Smoke &amp; CO Combination Detector

Improvement of Smoke Detector Sensitivity Test Standards

Study on the Application of Carbon Monoxide Sensors for the Prevention of Unwanted Alarms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Study on the Smoke and CO Alarm Concentrations to Develop a Smoke & CO Combination Detector

Study on the Smoke and CO Alarm Concentrations to Develop a Smoke & CO Combination Detector