The response characteristics of fire detectors and indoor air quality measurement factors were studied according to the UL 268 cooking nuisance test. The response characteristics of the fire detector were confirmed through the U.S. UL 268 cooking nuisance test, newly introduced in 2020; the smoke concentration in the test was found to be a maximum of 7.8 %/m. The response characteristics of the indoor air quality measurement factors matched to the smoke detector's concentration in the nonoperation test (5 %/m), type 1 smoke detector's concentration in the operation test (7.5 %/m), and maximum smoke concentration (7.8 %/m) measured in the test were analyzed to derive factors applicable to avoiding unwanted fire alarms. In this test, the variation was confirmed at PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10 of the fine dust sensor, for NO and SO₂ for the combustion gas analyzer, and for CO, CO₂, and HCHO for the gas analyzer. In particular, the most-adaptable factors measured in this experiment were PM 2.5 and PM 10, which can be utilized as unwanted-alarm factors.

This study focused on fire detection factors by confirming the adaptation level of fire detection due to black smoke generated in the case of polyurethane foam fire, and it compared and analyzed the change in combustion products. An experiment was conducted to derive fire detection factors using the UL 268 polyurethane foam real fire test standard. Combustion products were measured using a particulate matter sensor (PMS), combustion gas analyzer (CGA), and gas analyzer (GA). As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the adaptability of the existing fire detector deteriorated when black smoke was generated. The fire detection factor was derived using the measured values of combustion products. In particular, among the measured factors, the most adaptable combustion products were found to be PM 2.5, PM 10, NO, and CO. They were considered to improve reliability when used as fire detection factors, as compared to existing fire detectors.

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based surveillance has garnered extensive attention in many countries, including the United States and those in Europe, by pre-emptively monitoring and responding to infectious diseases in the community. Additionally, it is actively used in national infectious disease monitoring policies. From 2021, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency conducted a pilot project to prove the effectiveness of wastewater-based surveillance system in the Republic of Korea and laid the foundation to introduce a national wastewater-based surveillance system. In 2023, KOrea WAstewater Surveillance (KOWAS) project is being conducted in cooperation with 17 cities or provinces and 18 Institute of Health and Environment Researches. Henceforth, we will expand the scope of monitoring infectious diseases by cooperating with related ministries and prepare the crisis response for a potential pandemic by upgrading experimental techniques.

This experiment analyzes the tendency of fire detection through combustion products generated during UL 268 wood flame fires and smoldering tests. Fire detection tendency was measured using a particle matter sencor (PMS), combustion gas analyzer (CGA), and gas analyzer (GA). The combustion products were matched and analyzed at 5 %/m (non-operation), 10 %/m, and 15 %/m of the smoke sensitivity measured by the smoke detector. In the case of wood flaming fire, PMS PM 10, CGA CO, SO₂, GA HCHO, and TVOC, the trend was observed because of the continuous increase in the measured value according to the smoke generation. In the case of smoldering, PM 10, CO, and HCHO were adaptable to the tendency to be observed. Finally, in the case of wood fire accompanied by flame fire and smoldering to PM 10, CO and HCHO were considered to be the optimal fire detection factors.

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