Fire detection time

Kalmykov, Sergey Petrovich; Есин, В. М.

doi:10.18322/pvb.2017.26.11.52-63

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The time interval from the moment of detection of the fire to the moment of final completion of the evacuation to the safety zone must be sufficient. This time condition is generally recognized [30,31]. The capabilities of building fire evacuation modes are evaluated using five main core components, namely the pre-evacuation time, movement and navigation, exit usage, route availability, and flow constraints [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Scenario Zone Construction and Personnel Evacuation Planning Based on a Building Information Model and Geographical Information System

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJGI

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The spatial–temporal simulation of fire disasters and evacuation route planning are important research fields for urban emergency responses and are primary tasks that answer complex questions after fires break out. The increasing demand for refined building information models will sharply increase the calculated and analyzed quantity. This demand presents a challenge for fire emergency responses based on massive building information. In this paper, the principle of the realistic worst case (RWC) is introduced into fire simulation and evacuation route planning. Taking the library of the Nanjing Forestry University as the study object, the spatial–temporal characteristics of the influential environmental factors of the fire are simulated, such as the meteorological elements, building structure, and building skin. The scenario zones that are relatively prone to fire are selected using an overlay analysis across the four seasons. Then, the risk threshold for evacuating personnel is analyzed in the fire zone according to international standards and firefighting criteria. Specific parameters are determined based on the analysis of the above. The growing trends for fires across the four seasons are simulated with scenario zones as the starting positions and incorporate factors such as temperature, carbon monoxide, and smoke. Lastly, a life safety assurance path (LSAP) for personnel evacuation is designed based on an indoor road network and path search algorithm. The evacuation planning result is compared with the traditional shortest-time path and shortest-distance path. Based on the study results, fire scenario zones can improve the speed and operating efficiency of spatial–temporal simulation models of fire and can also support path planning and design for emergency responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Scenario Zone Construction and Personnel Evacuation Planning Based on a Building Information Model and Geographical Information System

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJGI

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Heat-mass exchange processes dynamics in fires in multi-apartment buildings and its impact on safe people evacuation probability

Khrapsky

Bedrina

2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The urgency of people safe evacuation problem from small and medium storeys typical residential sectional type multi-apartment buildings, which in accordance with current regulatory requirements are not equipped with technical means of fire detection and notification of residents, are not equipped with active smoke ventilation systems and do not have effective structural evacuation solutions is shown. Based on modern software systems, numerical experimental studies were conducted to assess the dynamics impact (intensity rate impact) of heat and mass exchange combustion processes on the people evacuation parameters and the corresponding rate of increase dangerous factors for human viability in fire. The time intervals available to residents for safe and timely evacuation are calculated, depending on the typical residential premises fire load characteristic quantity. Taking into account the results obtained, practical measures aimed at improving the people safety in fires in residential multi-apartment buildings are proposed for implementation.

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Researches of the pre-evacuation time of people in residential multi-storey buildings without fire warning systems

Samoshin¹,

Istratov²,

Sharanova

et al. 2022

Požarovzryvobezopasnostʹ

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Introduction. According to statistics, the greatest loss of life from fires in Russia occurs in residential buildings with a height up to 28 m. At the same time, most fire protection systems are not provided in such type of buildings. In particular, in residential buildings of mentioned above height fire alarm system maybe not. That is why the real values of the pre-evacuation time (PET) in the buildings are not known, because domestic research still has not been conducted.Goals and objectives. The aim of the work was to establish the values of the PET of people in a residential building that is not equipped with a fire alarm system.The main tasks were to study the time to warn building occupants about a fire and to research the time of people’s reaction to a fire warning.Methods. The method of scientific research in this work is a full-scale experiment. In the first set of experiments focus were on warning time — it was investigated how much time it took to warn all building occupants by 1, 2 and 3 notifiers. The second set of experiments were aimed to study of people’s reaction time to a fire alarm — it was determined how long it took to start evacuating from their apartments.Results and their discussion. Studies have shown that the value of the alert time of a nine-storey building by one, two and three notifiers averaged was 20.0, 11.6 and 7.2 min, respectively. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical model was built that allows predicting the optimal number of notifiers depending on the number of storeys in the building. Studies of people’s reaction time to a fire alarm have shown that during the daytime, on average, people need less time to realize and prepare for evacuation (72 s) than at night (112 s). Combining the results obtained allowed us to determine the optimal number of notifiers to warn all people in residential building.Conclusion. Comparison of the experimental values of the PET with the data of the current Methodology of fire risk calculation for a nine-storey house showed a discrepancy of 2.6 times.

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Fire detection time

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Fire Scenario Zone Construction and Personnel Evacuation Planning Based on a Building Information Model and Geographical Information System

Fire Scenario Zone Construction and Personnel Evacuation Planning Based on a Building Information Model and Geographical Information System

Heat-mass exchange processes dynamics in fires in multi-apartment buildings and its impact on safe people evacuation probability

Researches of the pre-evacuation time of people in residential multi-storey buildings without fire warning systems

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