Fire in the Brazilian Amazon: 1. Biomass, nutrient pools, and losses in slashed primary forests

Kauffman, J. Boone; Cummings, Dian L.; Ward, Darold E.; Babbitt, Ronald E.

doi:10.1007/bf00341336

Cited by 307 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…data). Slash burning in Amazonian forests is accompanied by a relatively thorough consumption of leaves and other sources of high quality organic material and a large input to soils of low quality, high C-to-N coarse woody debris (Kau man et al, 1995). This input was probably responsible for the N immobilization recorded by the net mineralization measurements 1.5 months after the burn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen dynamics in Amazon forest and pasture soils measured by 15N pool dilution

Neill

Píccolo²,

Melillo

et al. 1999

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

119

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Clearing tropical forests of the Amazon Basin for pasture alters rates of soil nitrogen cycling. Previous studies have shown that rates of soil net N mineralization and net nitri®cation are lower in established pastures than in forests. We compared soil inorganic N concentrations, rates of net and gross mineralization and net and gross nitri®cation in a chronosequence and an experimental slash-and-burn plot in RondoÃ nia. Soils of pastures 4, 10 and 21-yr-old contained more NH 4 + and less NO 3 À than soils of forest. Soil NH 4 + and NO 3 À concentrations were elevated for 2 months after burning but were similar to pools in the forest after 8.5 months. Rates of net N mineralization and net nitri®cation decreased from forest to 21-yr-old pasture. Rates of gross N mineralization were similar in forest, 4-and 10-yr-old pasture then declined in 21-yr-old pasture. These ®ndings indicate that when forests are converted to pasture, soil N turnover is maintained for a period of a decade or longer, but N turnover eventually slows in old pastures. As older pastures come to dominate deforested regions of the Amazon, the total N cycled in soils of the region is likely to decrease, but not as quickly as studies based on net mineralization and net nitri®cation alone would indicate. #

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen dynamics in Amazon forest and pasture soils measured by 15N pool dilution

Neill

Píccolo²,

Melillo

et al. 1999

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

119

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“…Both areas have similar evergreen terra-firme forests and pronounced dry seasons, with mean annual rainfall ranging between 1500-2000 mm , Kauffman et al 1995. The terrain in both areas is quite flat and uniform, but is dissected by a number of streams and small rivers.…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire as a large-scale edge effect in Amazonian forests

2002

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ABSTRACT. Amazonian forests are being rapidly cleared, and the remaining forest fragments appear unusually vulnerable to fire. This occurs because forest remnants have dry, fire-prone edges, are juxtaposed with frequently burned pastures, and are often degraded by selective logging, which increases forest desiccation and fuel loading. Here we demonstrate that in eastern Amazonia, fires are operating as a large-scale edge effect in the sense that most fires originate outside fragments and penetrate considerable distances into forest interiors. Multitemporal analyses of satellite imagery from two frontier areas reveal that fire frequency over 12-14-y periods was substantially elevated within at least 2400 m of forest margins. Application of these data with a mathematical core-area model suggests that even large forest remnants (up to several hundred thousand ha in area) could be vulnerable to edge-related fires. The synergistic interactions of forest fragmentation, logging and human-ignited fires pose critical threats to Amazonian forests, particularly in more seasonal areas of the basin.

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“…O estoque total de biomassa verificado neste estudo (Quadro 2 -339,1 Mg ha -1 ) encontra-se dentro da faixa de valores normalmente observada na região Amazônica (Kauffman et al, 1995;. Comportamento semelhante foi observado para os dados de eficiência de queima (36 %), que (1) Produção (matéria seca) do arroz cultivado (em kg ha -1 ).…”

Section: Balanço Geralunclassified

Balanço de nutrientes e da fitomassa em um Argissolo Amarelo sob floresta tropical amazônica após a queima e cultivo com arroz

Sampaio¹,

Fontes

Costa

et al. 2003

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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RESUMOO sistema de agricultura migratória constitui um dos principais modelos de agricultura praticados na região Amazônica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o balanço de nutrientes no ecossistema florestal após a derrubada da vegetação primária e sua queima. Após a retirada e queima da mata, foi instalado um experimento para comparar áreas queimadas sem cultivo (queimado) e áreas queimadas com cultivo de arroz (cultivado). Estas áreas ainda foram contrastadas com uma área de vegetação primária (mata), considerada como referência. O procedimento da queimada consumiu 36,3 % da biomassa inicial e originou 5,5 Mg ha -1 de cinzas com significativas quantidades de nutrientes, principalmente Ca, Mg e K. A prática da queima como meio de limpeza do terreno apresentou baixa eficiência, uma vez que apenas um pequeno percentual da fitomassa inicial foi convertido em cinzas e grande parte dessa biomassa permaneceu na área na forma de resíduos. Mesmo com a reposição de nutrientes, como Ca, Mg, K, pelas chuvas da região, houve uma considerável remoção de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, seja pela ação direta do fogo e do vento sobre as cinzas, seja pela remoção pela cultura. No balanço final, a área queimada sem cultivo apresentou maior perda de nutrientes do que a queimada e cultivada, denotando a importância da cobertura do solo na manutenção de elementos no sistema. Ao final do ciclo da cultura, ainda se verificou o efeito residual das cinzas no sistema, evidenciado pelos valores de P, K, Ca e Mg superiores aos do controle (mata).Termos de indexação: Amazônia, agricultura itinerante, efeito residual, conversão de florestas.

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Fire in the Brazilian Amazon: 1. Biomass, nutrient pools, and losses in slashed primary forests

Cited by 307 publications

References 20 publications

Nitrogen dynamics in Amazon forest and pasture soils measured by 15N pool dilution

Nitrogen dynamics in Amazon forest and pasture soils measured by 15N pool dilution

Fire as a large-scale edge effect in Amazonian forests

Balanço de nutrientes e da fitomassa em um Argissolo Amarelo sob floresta tropical amazônica após a queima e cultivo com arroz

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