Fire Performance of the Wood Treated with Inorganic Fire Retardants

Abstract

To prepare the eco-friendly fire retardant wood, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) were treated with inorganic chemicals, such as sodium silicate, boric acid, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium borate. Different combination and concentration of those chemicals were impregnated by vacuum/pressure treatment methods. The electron-beam treatment was used to increase the chemical penetration into the wood. The fire performance of the fire retardant treated wood was investigated. The penetration of chemicals into the wood was enhanced after electron beam treatment. Ignition time of the treated wood was the most effectively retarded by sodium silicate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium borate. The most effective chemical combination was found at 50% sodium silicate and 3% ammonium borate, which satisfied flammability criteria for a fire retardant material in the KS F ISO 5660-1 standards.Keywords : eco-friendly fire retardant wood, sodium silicate, ammonium borate, electron beam

Combustion Characteristics of Hinoki Cypress Louver after Pressure Impregnation with Boric Acid, Borax and Ammonium Phosphate

“…따라서 이와 같은 목재의 단점을 보완하기 위해 다양한 난연처리 방법 들이 연구되어 왔다 (1) . 목재의 난연처리는 가압주입, 침지 방법 등을 이용하며, 사용되는 약제는 붕소화합물계, 인화 합물계, 질소화합물계 등이 주로 사용되고 있다 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) . 이들 난연제들은 가격이 저렴하여 경제적이며, 취급하기가 쉽고 저독성이며 환경적인 측면에서 많은 장점을 가지고 있다.…”

Boron‐Based Flame Retardants in Non‐Halogen‐Based Polymers

“…reported a combination of sodium silicate (56%) and unspecifi ed ammonium borate (3%) was used to vacuum/pressure treatment of pine and hemlock to meet the KS F ISO 5660-Cone Calorimeter test standard [92]. It is believed ammonia could be released due to the alkalinity of sodium silicate and a borosilicate gel is formed in the wood.…”

Hygroscopic Property, Leaching Resistance and Metal Corrosive Efficacy of Wood Treated with Fire Retardants

“…Fire performance materials in Korea are classi-fied into three categories: noncombustible material, quasi-non-combustible material, and fire-retardant material. Authors developed fire retardant methods which satisfied Korean fire-retardant material standard (Son et al, 2012). However, in many cases, the silicate-based treatment could be leached from the wood by exposure to environmental water and moisture.…”