“…A negative impact of imports on employment can be explained as follow. The Vietnamese economy is numerically dominated by SMEs, with 96% of the total number of enterprises that typically have limited technology and a low level of development (Cuong, Sang, & Anh, 2007;Doan, Nguyen, Vu, Tran, & Lim, 2016;Vu, Holmes, Tran, & Lim, 2016)). As a result, cheap imports with similar technology, especially from China, may create intensified competition within industries, and Vietnamese firms face higher direct competition Table 3.…”