First evidence of ovothiol biosynthesis in marine diatoms

Milito, Alfonsina; Castellano, Immacolata; Burn, Reto; Seebeck, Florian P.; Brunet, Christophe; Palumbo, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.010

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We recently described the occurrence and distribution of OvoA in diatoms and we identified ovothiol B as the ovothiol form produced by the coastal centric diatom Skeletonema marinoi at micromolar concentrations, when grown under moderate light condition [23]. Our hypothesis is that ovothiol biosynthesis could have been evolved and conserved in diatoms to help them to defend from the oxidative stress enhanced by high light, thus contributing to the ecological success of these photosynthetic protists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For ovoA, the expression levels of the transcript SmOvoA_2388 containing all the canonical domains of metazoan OvoAs [23] were examined. For nos genes, the expression of two different transcripts previously reported in S. marinoi [44] was analyzed.…”

Section: Reverse Transcription-quantitative Pcr (Rt-qpcr) Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pellets were lyophilized using an Edwards lyophilizer and the dried pellets were weighed and kept at room temperature until analysis. Samples were finally analyzed by HPLC/LC-MS for ovothiol and glutathione determination, according to the protocol fully described in Milito et al, 2020 [23]. Briefly, thiols were extracted using a solution of acetonitrile:perchloric acid (1:1), reduced by adding DTT, and finally derivatized with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin (BMC).…”

Section: Thiols Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we have discovered that the coastal centric diatom Skeletonema marinoi, grown under moderate light condition, produces micromolar concentrations of ovothiol B [23], hitherto identified only in clams [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the Light Response of Skeletonema marinoi: Involvement of Ovothiol

et al. 2020

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Diatoms are one of the most widespread groups of microalgae on Earth. They possess extraordinary metabolic capabilities, including a great ability to adapt to different light conditions. Recently, we have discovered that the diatom Skeletonema marinoi produces the natural antioxidant ovothiol B, until then identified only in clams. In this study, we investigated the light-dependent modulation of ovothiol biosynthesis in S. marinoi. Diatoms were exposed to different light conditions, ranging from prolonged darkness to low or high light, also differing in the velocity of intensity increase (sinusoidal versus square-wave distribution). The expression of the gene encoding the key ovothiol biosynthetic enzyme, ovoA, was upregulated by high sinusoidal light mimicking natural conditions. Under this situation higher levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide as well as ovothiol and glutathione increase were detected. No ovoA modulation was observed under prolonged darkness nor low sinusoidal light. Unnatural conditions such as continuous square-wave light induced a very high oxidative stress leading to a drop in cell growth, without enhancing ovoA gene expression. Only one of the inducible forms of nitric oxide synthase, nos2, was upregulated by light with consequent production of NO under sinusoidal light and darkness conditions. Our data suggest that ovothiol biosynthesis is triggered by a combined light stress caused by natural distribution and increased photon flux density, with no influence from the daily light dose. These results open new perspectives for the biotechnological production of ovothiols, which are receiving a great interest for their biological activities in human model systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Reverse Transcription-quantitative Pcr (Rt-qpcr) Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thiols Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the Light Response of Skeletonema marinoi: Involvement of Ovothiol

et al. 2020

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“…Considering this evidence, antioxidant compounds are able to inhibit immune system cells (lymphocytes) through apoptosis and then release proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNFa) that are likely to prevent lymphopenia, hypoferremia and, thus lower the viral replication in patients suffering severe viral diseases [40]. Antioxidants such as vitamin E [41] are able to prevent the inhibition of the site of superoxide production (Site II), while the NF-kB-induced gene transcription can be inhibited by thiol groups [42] belonging to molecules that strongly interact with the antioxidant system [43,44]. Antioxidant therapy might further be related to the inhibition of virally induced cell death by antioxidants that scavenge peroxides, such as N-acetylcysteine and glutathione peroxidase [45].…”

Section: Which Consists Of Virus Adhesion Adsorption Entry and Invamentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Algal Antioxidants as Potential Vectors for Controlling Viral Diseases

et al. 2020

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As the COVID-19 epidemic expands in the world, and with the previous SARS epidemic, avian flu, Ebola and AIDS serving as a warning, biomedical and biotechnological research has the task to find solutions to counteract viral entry and pathogenesis. A novel approach can come from marine chemodiversity, recognized as a relevant source for developing a future natural "antiviral pharmacy". Activities of antioxidants against viruses can be exploited to cope with human viral infection, from single individual infections to protection of populations. There is a potentially rich and fruitful reservoir of such compounds thanks to the plethora of bioactive molecules and families present in marine microorganisms. The aim of this communication is to present the state-of-play of what is known on the antiviral activities recognized in (micro)algae, highlighting the different molecules from various algae and their mechanisms of actions, when known. Given the ability of various algal molecules-mainly sulfated polysaccharides-to inhibit viral infection at Stage I (adsorption and invasion of cells), we envisage a need to further investigate the antiviral ability of algae, and their mechanisms of action. Given the advantages of microalgal production compared to other organisms, the opportunity might become reality in a short period of time.

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Histochemical detection of free thiols in glandular cells and tissues of different marine Polychaeta

Gonçalves

Costa

2020

Histochem Cell Biol

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First evidence of ovothiol biosynthesis in marine diatoms

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Insights into the Light Response of Skeletonema marinoi: Involvement of Ovothiol

Insights into the Light Response of Skeletonema marinoi: Involvement of Ovothiol

Marine Algal Antioxidants as Potential Vectors for Controlling Viral Diseases

Histochemical detection of free thiols in glandular cells and tissues of different marine Polychaeta

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