First experiment on liquid hydrogen transportation by ship inside Osaka bay

Abstract

Abstract.A project to import a large amount of liquid hydrogen (LH2) from Australia by a cargo carrier, which is equipped with two 1250 m 3 tanks, is underway in Japan. It is important to understand sloshing and boil-off characteristics inside the LH2 tank during marine transportation. However, the LH2 sloshing and boil-off characteristics on the sea have not yet been clarified. First experiment on the LH2 transportation of 20 liter with magnesium diboride (MgB2) level sensors by the training ship "Fukae-maru", which has 50 m long and 449 ton gross weight, was carried out successfully inside Osaka bay on February 2, 2017. In the experiment, synchronous measurements of liquid level, temperature, pressure, ship motions, and accelerations as well as the rapid depressurization test were done. The increase rate of the temperature and the pressure inside the LH2 tank were discussed under the rolling and the pitching conditions.

Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB2 Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru

“…In the case of all five external heater input values being 0 W (without liquid-level measurement), pressure increased to roughly 0.15 MPaG/h and CCS A temperature increased to roughly 1.1 K/min with a maximum rolling angle of six degrees, and a maximum pitching angle of two degrees in the Test ⑥ [ 14 ].…”

“…The purpose of the present study was to use five 500 mm long external-heating-type MgB 2 level sensors to understand the sloshing that occurred inside the LH 2 optical cryostat (small LH 2 tank) during marine transportation by the training ship Fukae-maru. Previous papers have outlined the first experiments conducted on LH 2 transport by the Fukae-maru and have presented qualitative results on the rates of temperature and pressure increase inside its LH 2 tank, but with no measurements of liquid level [ 14 ]. In the present paper, we discuss (i) the relationship between the liquid-surface oscillation detected by five MgB 2 level sensors and the rates of temperature and pressure increase inside the small LH 2 tank; (ii) the relationship between the rolling and pitching angles and the acceleration of the ship; and (iii) the relationship between the liquid-surface oscillation detected by the five MgB 2 level sensors and the rolling and pitching periods of the ship during a zigzag maneuver.…”

An Extensive Review of Liquid Hydrogen in Transportation with Focus on the Maritime Sector

“…For instance, the behavior of the LH 2 stored in the tank installed on board was observed prior to the construction of Suiso Frontier. On 2 February 2017, the first experiment of the HySTRA project which consisted of LH 2 transportation by ship within Osaka Bay was successfully performed [125]. Two LH 2 tanks were installed on board the ship Fukae-maru (50 m long with a gross weight of 449 tons), a larger container with a volume of 400 L which was used to store the LH 2 and transfer it to a smaller 20-L vessel instrumented for experimental purposes.…”

Modelling of Boil-Off and Sloshing Relevant to Future Liquid Hydrogen Carriers

“…The thermodynamic effects of sloshing in LH2 ships are also not widely investigated. Maekawa et al (2017) [30] and Maekawa et al (2018) [31] observed liquid level and temperature measurements for 0.02 m 3 of LH2 in a test ship subjected to manoeuvreinduced sloshing in several planes of motion. Wei et al [32] further investigated sloshinginduced pressure changes in the specific case of a tank filled with LH2.…”