First In Vivo Application of Microwave Radiometry in Human Carotids

Toutouzas, Konstantinos; Grassos, Charalampos; Drakopoulou, Maria; Synetos, Αndreas; Tsiamis, Eleftherios; Aggeli, Constantina; Stathogiannis, Konstantinos; Klettas, Dimitrios; Kavantzas, Nikolaos; Agrogiannis, Georgios; Patsouris, Efstratios; Klonaris, Chris; Liasis, Nikolaos; Tousoulis, Dimitrios; Σιώρης, Ηλίας; Stefanadis, Christodoulos

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.033

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…MR can detect natural electromagnetic radiation from internal tissues at microwave frequencies, and the intensity of radiation is proportional to the temperature of the tissue. The main difference between the previously used infrared thermography and MR is that the former is a method of superficial screening, has only a very limited depth of penetration- approximately 2 mm- and thus allows to read and display skin temperature, whereas the latter detects signals at a much greater depth, up to 7 cm, reflecting the internal tissue temperature [6]–[9]. The possible impact of other adjacent tissues on the measurements of temperature in the current study seems limited, as the knees of patients without actual inflammation in ultrasound had comparable ΔΤ to healthy knees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ‘volume under investigation’ is a rectangular area of 3 cm in width, 2 cm in length, and 3–7 cm in depth depending on the dielectric properties of the underlying tissues. The second sensor is used for infrared measurements from the skin, for calibrating the microwave sensor readings [8], [9].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermographic detection of human cancers by MR has been tried in early studies, albeit without considerable clinical implications [6]. Most recently, the safety and the effectiveness of MR to detect subclinical local inflammatory activation has been demonstrated in carotid atherosclerotic plaques [8], [9]. No method is currently being employed for the in vivo measurement of joint temperature as an indicator of synovitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Subclinical Synovial Inflammation by Microwave Radiometry

Zampeli¹,

Raftakis

Michelongona

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveMicrowave Radiometry is a non-invasive method which determines within seconds the in vivo temperature of internal tissues at a depth of 3–7 cm with an accuracy of ±0.2°C. In this proof-of-concept study, we tested the hypothesis that, in absence of relevant clinical signs, increased local temperature detected by microwave radiometry reflects subclinical synovial inflammation, using ultrasound as reference method.MethodsKnees of healthy controls, subjects with recent knee trauma and symptom-free patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis were examined by placing the microwave radiometry sensor, a) at the upper one third of the anterior surface of the thigh (control-point), and b) over the suprapatellar recess. Ultrasound was performed immediately after and the possible presence of fluid and/or synovitis was correlated with microwave radiometry findings.ResultsIn 30 healthy and 10 injured knees the temperature was always lower than thigh (32.3±1.1 and 31.8±1.4 versus 34.1±0.9 and 33.6±1.2°C with a difference (ΔΤ) of −1.8±0.2 and −1.9±0.4°C respectively). Of 40 RA and 20 osteoarthritis knees examined, ultrasound findings indicative of subclinical inflammation (fluid effusion and/or Doppler signal) were found in 24 and 12, respectively, in which the temperature was higher than healthy knees and ΔΤ was lower (−0.9±0.7 in RA and −1.0±0.5 in osteoarthritis versus −1.8±0.2°C, p<0.001). The 5 RA knees with power Doppler findings indicative of grade 2 inflammation had a ΔΤ 3 times lower compared to healthy (−0.6±0.6, p = 0.007), whereas the 9 RA and the 7 osteoarthritis knees with additionally fluid effusion, had even lower ΔΤ (−0.4±0.7, p<0.001).ConclusionUsing a safe, rapid and easy-to-perform method, such as microwave radiometry, thermal changes within the knee joint may reflect non-clinically apparent joint inflammation. Refinement of this method, including production of sensors for small joints, could result to the development of the ideal objective tool to detect subclinical synovitis in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Subclinical Synovial Inflammation by Microwave Radiometry

Zampeli¹,

Raftakis

Michelongona

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Besides MR measurement, these patients also underwent carotid echocardiography and histological and immunohistochemical studies following endarterectomy. The results were encouraging, as they revealed a positive correlation of the MR temperature measurements with the echocardiographic characteristics of the vulnerable plaques [50]. …”

Section: Noninvasive Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque: From the Basic Research Laboratory to the Clinic

et al. 2012

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Coronary heart disease is the commonest cause of death in Western countries, and atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Intensive research has been directed at plaque detection, and various invasive methods have been developed thus far that fulfill this purpose and a lot of them are being applied in the clinical setting. Since invasive methods cannot be used for primary prevention, non-invasive imaging modalities are being studied to enhance the diagnostic armory of clinicians in their difficult task of detecting and preventing ACS.

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“…При помощи наиболее известного неинвазивного ме-тода оценки температуры глубоких тканей (в том числе головного мозга) -микроволновой радиотермографии (РТГ) [23][24][25][26] в ряде исследований [27,28] также опреде-лялся разогрев ткани в проекции измененной области СА. Широкое практическое применение этой методики дли-тельное время ограничивала низкая помехоустойчивость приборов.…”

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