“…These viruses include Deformed wing virus (DWV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Varroa destructor virus 1 (VDV-1), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV), Lake Sinai virus (LSV) and Sacbrood virus (SBV) (Allen and Ball 1996; Davison et al 1999;Hussein 2001a;Kajobe et al 2010;Loucif-Ayad et al 2013;Strauss et al 2013;Muli et al 2014;Mumoki et al 2014;Amakpe et al 2015). Recently, five of the nine viruses mentioned above were extensively reviewed by Mumoki et al (2014), and therefore, we will focus on the remaining four viruses namely, CBPV, VDV-1, AmFV and LSV.…”