First Record of Angiostrongylus cantonensis （Nematoda: Metastrongylidae）Infection in Ryukyu Long-Furred Rats (Diplothrix legata)

Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae) in the Ryukyu Islands Tree Rat (Diplothrix legata)

“…Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) investigation of the GenBank database revealed that this sequence was the same as the cox1 gene of A. cantonensis (GU138107) isolated from a mollusk. Our gene sequences also were 99.2-98.9% identical to other A. cantonensis isolates in Brazil (GU138108, GU138110, and GU138111), and 99.3% identical to the sequence reported by Nakaya et al (2013) (AB699589).…”

“…We have conducted necropsies of 49 Ryukyu Islands tree rats since May 2005 for the Environmental Specimen Time Capsule project (http://www.nies.go.jp/index.html). After the initial findings by Nakaya et al (2013), we found three infected Ryukyu Islands tree rats during routine necropsy. Here we report those findings.…”

“…Recently, Nakaya et al (2013) reported the first case of A. cantonensis in a Ryukyu Islands tree rat captured in the Yambaru area of Okinawa Prefecture. They suggested severe pathogenicity of this nematode in the rare rodent species, with potential for a negative effect on the tree rat population.…”

Using cerebrospinal fluid to confirm Angiostrongylus cantonensis as the cause of canine neuroangiostrongyliasis in Australia where A. cantonensis and Angiostrongylus mackerrasae co-exist

“…1 (GenBank: MK570631) and A. mackerrasae P43/19-E (GenBank: MN793157) were used to compare the similarity of mitochondrial regions ( Červená et al., 2019 ; Valentyne et al., 2020 ). All cox 1 primers from previous studies on Angiostrongylus parasites were collated and tabulated ( Monte et al., 2012 ; Tokiwa et al., 2012 ; Moreira et al., 2013 ; Nakaya et al., 2013 ; Okano et al., 2014 ; Apichat et al., 2016 ; Rodpai et al., 2016 ; Eamsobhana et al., 2017 ; Červená et al., 2019 ; Valentyne et al., 2020 ). Primers were mapped onto the reference sequences of A. cantonensis SYD.…”

Hurdles in the evolutionary epidemiology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Pseudogenes, incongruence between taxonomy and DNA sequence variants, and cryptic lineages

“…For example, ribosomal DNA sequences were used to assess metastrongylid nematode relationships (Carreno & Nadler, 2003) or to help survey larvae from mollusk intermediate hosts (Fontanilla & Wade, 2008; Qvarnstrom, Sullivan, Bishop, Hollingsworth, & da Silva, 2007; Qvarnstrom et al., 2010), and ~360‐bp region of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 ( CO 1) gene was used to assess relationships to other species of Angiostrongylus (Eamsobhana et al., 2010). To date, molecular systematic/phylogeographic studies on A. cantonensis have mainly used two mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers, CO 1 and cytochrome b ( CYTB ), where the focus has largely been descriptive in terms of reporting local patterns of haplotype variants (Aghazadeh et al., 2015; Dalton, Fenton, Cleveland, Elsmo, & Yabsley, 2017; Dusitsittipon, Criscione, Morand, Komalamisra, & Thaenkham, 2017; Dusitsittipon, Thaenkham, Watthanakulpanich, Adisakwattana, & Komalamisra, 2015; Eamsobhana, Song, et al., 2017; Eamsobhana, Yong, et al., 2017; Lv et al., 2012; Monte et al., 2012; Moreira et al., 2013; Nakaya et al., 2013; Okano et al., 2014; Rodpai et al., 2016; Simoes et al., 2011; Tokiwa et al., 2012, 2013; Vitta et al., 2016; Yong, Eamsobhana, Song, Prasartvit, & Lim, 2015; Yong, Song, Eamsobhana, Goh, & Lim, 2015; Yong, Song, Eamsobhana, & Lim, 2016). …”