First Record of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Ecuador Infesting Urban Citrus and Orange Jasmine Trees

Abstract

Adults and nymphs of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), were collected in the Guayaquil, Samborondón, and Durán cantons in coastal Ecuador. Psyllids were found in high numbers in citrus ( Citrus spp., Sapindales: Rutaceae) and orange jasmine ( Murraya exotica [L.] Jack, Sapindales: Rutaceae) trees within the Guayaquil-Samborondon-Duran conurbation; however, none was found during scoutings in the main citrus producing areas in coastal Ecuador. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of D. citri in Ecuador and the Pacific coastal plain of South America.

Predicting the potential distribution of the Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri(Kuwayama), in China using the MaxEnt model

“…Diaphorina citri was first recorded in Taiwan in 1907, and it is also believed to have originated in India (Kuwayama, 1908; Husain & Nath, 1927). Worldwide, D. citri is currently distributed in Asia (China, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Bangladesh, Thailand, Iran, Bhutan, and Afghanistan) (Bové, 2006; Sule et al, 2012; Lashkari et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2017a, 2018a), North America (USA, Mexico, Honduras, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Jamaica) (Halbert & Manjunath, 2004; López-Collado et al, 2013; Milosavljević et al, 2018), South America (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Paraguay) (Cornejo & Chica, 2014; Narouei-Khandan et al, 2016), Africa (Kenya, Mauritius, and Tanzania) (Shimwela et al, 2016; Rwomushana et al, 2017), and Australia (Aurambout et al, 2009). In China, D. citri is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Macao, Hong Kong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Hainan (Wang et al, 2016).…”

Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) and Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) as biological control agents of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in Ecuador

“…According to a study conducted in India, C. sexmaculata, T. radiata and the lacewing Mallada boninensis (Okamoto) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are the three most effective natural enemies of D. citri (Shivankar and Rao, 2010). Diaphorina citri was detected in Ecuador in 2013 (Cornejo and Chica, 2014) but until now no natural enemies of this important insect pest were found. To our knowledge, this is the first official report of T. radiata and C. sexmaculata as natural enemies of D. citri in Ecuador.…”

“…This insect has a wide distribution and an extensive list of host plants in about 25 genera in the family Rutaceae. Although the disease has not been found, D. citri was first detected in Ecuador in 2013 on branches of citrus, Citrus spp., and orange jessamine, Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae), in Guayaquil, Samborondón and Duran (Cornejo and Chica, 2014).…”

IDENTIFICACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE LA INCIDENCIA DE INSECTOS Y HONGOS BENÉFICOS ASOCIADOS A Diaphorina citri KUWAYAMA (HEMIPTERA: LIVIIDAE) EN PLANTAS TRASPATIO (Citrus spp. y Murraya paniculata) DEL CANTÓN CATAMAYO (LOJA - ECUADOR)

“…Sin embargo, el daño más importante que causa es la trasmisión de la bacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (las)", causante de la enfermedad comúnmente conocida como "Huanglongbing" (HLB), considerada como la más devastadora de plantaciones citrícolas [11]. D. citri fue reportada por primera vez en el Ecuador en el año 2014, en la ciudad de Guayaquil, en plantas de Murraya exotica encontradas a lo largo de una acera [12]. En el año 2017, en el cantón Catamayo se encontraron plantas de cítricos atacadas por D. citri; sin embargo, aún no se ha registrado la bacteria causante del HLB [13].…”