First Report of Apple Rubbery Wood Virus 2 Infecting Pear (<i>Pyrus</i> spp.) in China

Wang, Yonghu; Wang, G. P.; Hóng, Ní; Yang, Zuokun; Guo, Jiashu; Zhang, Ziguo; Li, L.; Li, Y. J.; Li, Q. Y.; Xu, Lixin; Qi, Liying

doi:10.1094/pdis-07-19-1451-pdn

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Additional testing for other viruses and viroids in 15 field-grown pear trees revealed that the pear cultivar Cuiguan was infected with ARWV2, a recently identified virus that is associated with apple rubbery wood disease (Rott et al, 2018). Wang et al (2019) also reported the presence of the virus in this cultivar. These results suggested that pear cultivar Cuiguan may be at a higher risk for ARWV2 infection in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The primers used for reverse transcription (RT) PCR and quantitative RT‐PCR (RT‐qPCR) are listed in Table . Primer pairs ASGV‐U/ASGV‐2 (James, 1999), ASPV‐sense/ASPV‐antisense (Menzel et al, 2002), 3‐F/3‐R (Liu et al, 2020), ILAR1/ILAR2 (Candresse et al, 1998), ALuDetF6/ALuDetR6 (Liu et al, 2018), ALSV‐F/ALSV‐R (Izuishi et al, 2020), ARWaV‐1L4842F/ARWaV‐1L5230R (Rott et al, 2018), SF/SR (Wang et al, 2019), ApNMV‐CP+1/ApNMV‐CP‐1 (Noda et al, 2017), 355F/898R (James et al, 2013), 25‐mer/16‐mer (Hadidi et al, 1990), RF‐1385/RF‐1386 (Serra et al, 2018), apscarviroids‐F/apscarviroids‐R (degenerate primers) (Sano et al, 2000), AFCVd‐PCR‐FOR/AFCVd‐PCR‐REV (Matoušek et al, 2017), and HSVd‐PCR‐FOR/HSVd‐PCR‐REV (Matoušek et al, 2017) for RT‐PCR detection of ASGV, ASPV, PCLSaV, ApMV, apple luteovirus 1 (ALV‐1), ALSV, apple rubbery wood virus 1 (ARWV1), ARWV2, apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV), apple green crinkle associated virus (AGCaV), ASSVd, apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd), apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd), apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd), and hop stunt viroid (HSVd), respectively, were previously reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of major pome fruit tree viruses and viroids in commercial pear orchards in China and in Pyrus betulifolia seedlings

Huang

et al. 2021

Plant Pathology

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Latent viral infections are common in pome fruit trees, including apple, pear, and quince, leading to significant reductions in yield and quality (reviewed by Umer et al., 2019). Twenty-one viruses, belonging to 12 genera classified into nine families, have been identified to infect pome fruit trees (Umer et al., 2019). In addition, a novel virus, provisionally named pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus (PCLSaV), has been recently identified in pear trees in China (Liu et al., 2020). Among them, apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and apple mosaic virus (ApMV) are considered the most economically important viruses affecting pome fruit trees worldwide. In

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of major pome fruit tree viruses and viroids in commercial pear orchards in China and in Pyrus betulifolia seedlings

Huang

et al. 2021

Plant Pathology

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“…Although the infection by AHVd of the cultivar Fuji in southern Italy was not confirmed by RT-PCR, HTS data suggested that viroid isolates different from those reported previously in another Italian region (Apulia region) [19] are present in Italy, suggesting an independent origin of the diverging isolates. Importantly, the HTS approach allowed us to identify, for the first time in Italy, ARWV-2, a virus previously reported in Canada, Germany, USA, Brazil and China [5][6][7]21] in apple, and in China and South Africa in pear [22,23], and to determine the complete coding sequences of the genome of this virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Citrus Concave Gum-Associated Virus Infecting Citrus and Apple Trees by Serological, Molecular and High-Throughput Sequencing Approaches

Minutolo

Cinque

Chiumenti

et al. 2021

Plants

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Citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus, first reported a few years ago in citrus trees from Italy. It has been reported in apple trees in the USA and in Brazil, suggesting a wider host range and geographic distribution. Here, an anti-CCGaV polyclonal antiserum to specifically detect the virus has been developed and used in a standard double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) that has been validated as a sensitive and reliable method to detect this virus both in citrus and apple trees. In contrast, when the same antiserum was used in direct tissue-blot immunoassay, CCGaV was efficiently detected in citrus but not in apple. Using this antiserum, the first apple trees infected by CCGaV were identified in Italy and the presence of CCGaV in several apple cultivars in southern Italy was confirmed by field surveys. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allowed for the assembling of the complete genome of one CCGaV Italian apple isolate (CE-c3). Phylogenetic analysis of Italian CCGaV isolates from apple and citrus and those available in the database showed close relationships between the isolates from the same genus (Citrus or Malus), regardless their geographical origin. This finding was further confirmed by the identification of amino acid signatures specific of isolates infecting citrus or apple hosts. Analysis of HTS reads also revealed that the CE-c3 Italian apple tree, besides CCGaV, was simultaneously infected by several viruses and one viroid, including apple rubbery wood virus 2 which is reported for the first time in Italy. The complete or almost complete genomic sequences of the coinfecting agents were determined.

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“…Subsequently, CCGaV was first detected in apple trees displaying bark symptoms (Wright et al, 2018); likewise, CiVA was reported in symptomatic pear trees co‐infected with other viruses in France (Svanella‐Dumas et al, 2019). In 2018, apple rubbery wood viruses 1 and 2 (ARWV1 and 2; genus Rubodvirus ) were identified in apple trees showing rubbery wood symptoms in Canada; later, ARWV2 was found in Chinese pear samples (Rott et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2019). The disease associated with these two nsRNA viruses (i.e., apple rubbery wood disease) can reduce fruit yield by up to 30% in apple and 50% in pear (Lemoine & Michelesi, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and detection of negative‐stranded RNA viruses infecting apple and pear trees in California

Diaz‐Lara

Wunderlich

Nouri³

et al. 2021

Journal of Phytopathology

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Novel negative‐stranded RNA (nsRNA) viruses have been recently identified in multiple agronomic crops, including pome fruit trees. Citrus concave gum‐associated virus (CCGaV), citrus virus A (CiVA) and apple rubbery wood viruses 1 and 2 (ARWV1 and 2) are examples of such viruses. Given the novelty and lack of information about these pathogens in Californian orchards, in this study, real‐time RT‐PCR assays for CCGaV, CiVA, ARWV1 and 2 were developed and employed in a field survey. Initially, the new assays were challenged against a comprehensive set of positive and negative samples, previously analysed by high‐throughput sequencing (HTS), to determine specificity. Aiming to investigate the presence of nsRNA viruses in California apple and pear orchards, 186 samples were collected from 21 different locations. As a result, 79 (42%) samples were found to be infected by these viruses in single or mixed infections. The incidence of each virus in relation to the total number of samples was 36%, 15%, 11% and 0% for ARWV2, CCGaV, ARWV1 and CiVA respectively. Overall, not considering the no detected CiVA, the other three nsRNA viruses were widely distributed among sampled orchards. To further validate the reliability of the new real‐time RT‐PCR assays, six samples tested positive during the survey were screened by previously described detection assays and HTS. This is the first detection of these nsRNA viruses in California, which may represent an issue in apple and pear production.

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First Report of Apple Rubbery Wood Virus 2 Infecting Pear (Pyrus spp.) in China

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Incidence of major pome fruit tree viruses and viroids in commercial pear orchards in China and in Pyrus betulifolia seedlings

Incidence of major pome fruit tree viruses and viroids in commercial pear orchards in China and in Pyrus betulifolia seedlings

Identification and Characterization of Citrus Concave Gum-Associated Virus Infecting Citrus and Apple Trees by Serological, Molecular and High-Throughput Sequencing Approaches

Incidence and detection of negative‐stranded RNA viruses infecting apple and pear trees in California

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