First report of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> causing stem and root rot on lucky bamboo (<i>Dracaena braunii</i>) in Iraq

Lahuf, Adnan A.

doi:10.2478/hppj-2019-0001

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fusarium proliferatum has been reported as a cosmopolite pathogen in many important crops including maize [77], wheat [78], rice [79], sorghum [80], asparagus [81], date palm [82], onion [83], chive [84], potato [85], sunflower [86], soybean [87], cowpea [88], oat [89] banana [90], blueberry [91], alfalfa [92], strawberry [93], grape [94], cotton [95], melon [96], and cauliflower [97], among others, inducing damage and symptoms including root rot, dry rot, crown rot, stem rot, trunk canker, and vascular wilt, depending on the host [98][99][100].…”

Section: Host Range and Varietal Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Dry Rot of Garlic Bulbs Caused by Fusarium proliferatum: A Review

Gálvez

Llamas

2022

Horticulturae

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Fusarium dry rot (FDR) is a postharvest disease of garlic crops causing yield losses worldwide. Fusarium proliferatum has been identified as the main species causing the disease. Symptoms begin as small brown lesions with a dehydrated appearance that can progress to cover the entire clove during the storage period. Symptoms on growing plants cause brown lesions on the basal plates and roots, and sometimes damping-off is observed. F. proliferatum is a polyphagous pathogen with a wide range of hosts. This pathogen colonizes garlic roots, remaining as a latent pathogen, and develops rot during storage. The pathogen can overwinter in the soil, infested crop residues, and weeds. The fungus can also persist on garlic cloves, acting as primary inoculum in the field and contributing to the long-distance spread. Using healthy plant material, rotating crops, burying crop residues, avoiding bulb injury during harvest and subsequent handling, and providing appropriate postharvest environmental conditions are crucial factors that greatly influence the disease severity. Choosing a suitable non-host crop to achieve truly effective rotation is sometimes difficult. Chemical control in the form of seed treatments or field spraying of the crop has a limited effect on controlling FDR. Field applications of biological control agents have shown some efficacy, but conditions to optimize their activity must be determined. Moreover, different soil management strategies to reduce soil inoculum must be also studied.

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Section: Host Range and Varietal Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Dry Rot of Garlic Bulbs Caused by Fusarium proliferatum: A Review

Gálvez

Llamas

2022

Horticulturae

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“…The inoculated areas were then covered with Parafilm strips and to provide wet conditions, the plants were covered with polyethylene plastic bags for 24 h. All bamboo plants were kept for 4 weeks under laboratory conditions. At the end of the test, the percentages of infection and severity of disease were calculated as described above 30 , 37 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and control of Rhizoctonia solani affecting lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana hort. ex. Mast.) using some bioagents

Abdel-Rahman

Abdel-Megeed

Salem

2023

Sci Rep

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In a survey conducted during the period of March–May 2019 in nurseries, warehouses, and shops at three governorates (Alexandria, El-Behera, and Giza governorates, Egypt), symptoms of root rot, basal stem rot, and wilt disease complex were observed in the lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana hort. ex. Mast.). The highest disease infection percentage was found in lucky bamboo collected from Alexandria City (47.67%), while the highest disease severity was in lucky bamboo collected from El-Behera Governorate (35.19%). Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternate were isolated and identified in the infected lucky bamboo samples. R. solani isolates were the most dominant among the recovered fungal species with a percentage of 80.89% of the total isolates (246). Pathogenicity tests showed that R. solani was the most pathogen with 100% disease infection and 76.67% disease severity. Molecular identification characterized R. solani isolate as R. solani AUMC 15120, MZ723906. Meanwhile, four biological control agents (bioagents) were isolated from the healthy lucky bamboo samples and identified based on cultural, morphological, microscopic characteristics, and the molecular phylogenetic analysis as Clonostachys rosea AUMC 15121, OL461708; Bacillus circulans TAG1, MW441316; B. siamensis TAP1, MW441318 and Ochrobactrum anthropi TAM1, MW441317. The four bioagents showed potential inhibition of R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo on lucky bamboo plants in vase treatments compared to the untreated inoculated control as well as certain fungicides and biocides used (Moncut, Rizolex-T, Topsin-M, Bio-Zeid, and Bio-Arc). The bioagent O. anthropi showed the highest inhibition growth (85.11%) of the in vitro R. solani colony, which was not significantly different from the biocide Bio-Arc (83.78%). However, C. rosea, B. siamensis and B. circulans showed inhibition values of 65.33, 64.44, and 60.44%, respectively. On the other hand, the biocide Bio-Zeid showed less inhibitory effect (43.11%), while the lowest growth inhibition was recorded by Rizolex-T (34.22%) and Topsin-M (28.67%). Furthermore, the in vivo experiment supported the in vitro results for the most effective treatments, where all the treatments significantly decreased the percentage of infection and disease severity compared to the inoculated untreated control. Additionally, the bioagent O. anthropi showed the highest effect, i.e., the lowest disease incidence and disease severity being 13.33% and 10%, compared to 100% and 75%, respectively, in the untreated inoculated control. This was not significantly different from the fungicide Moncut (13.33% and 21%) and from the bioagent C. rosea (20% and 15%) treatments for both parameters, respectively. In conclusion, the bioagents O. anthropi MW441317 at 1 × 108 CFU/ml as well as C. rosea AUMC15121 at 1 × 107/ml proved to be efficient to control R. solani causing root rot, and basal stem rot on lucky bamboo, compared to fungicide Moncut and can be used for disease management without the negative impact of the chemical control. Furthermore, this is the first report of the isolation and identification of Rhizoctonia solani, a pathogenic fungus, and four biocontrol agents (Bacillus circulans, B. siamensis, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Clonostachys rosea) associated with the healthy lucky bamboo plants.

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“…Pathogenicity of 10 isolates of the fungal isolated were evaluated via a detached leaf assay [17][18][19]. Healthy leaves of loquat tree were collected, washed and surface disinfected using 70% Ethanol for 30 s. They were then sprayed with the fungal inoculum at the concentration 1x10 6 conidia/mL and sited on filter paper in a plastic container that was disinfected by 70% of Ethanol.…”

Section: Pathogenicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Aspergillus Leaf Spot on Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in Iraq

Al-Ghazali

Hameed

Abu-Duka

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Leaf spots were noticed commonly on loquat trees in Alhussiania city, Karbala Province, Iraq. The associated fungus was isolated and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus based on the morphology (cultural and microscopic features) and molecular analysis (sequence of internal transcribed spacer rDNA). The pathogenicity of isolated fungus was confirmed through Koch’s postulates that were implemented by comparing the disease symptoms with those of naturally appeared and re-isolated from the inoculated leaves and re-identified. To best of our knowledge, this is the first record of A. fumigatus as causative agent of leaf spot on loquat (E. japonica) tree in Iraq and worldwide.

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First report of Fusarium proliferatum causing stem and root rot on lucky bamboo (Dracaena braunii) in Iraq

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Fusarium Dry Rot of Garlic Bulbs Caused by Fusarium proliferatum: A Review

Fusarium Dry Rot of Garlic Bulbs Caused by Fusarium proliferatum: A Review

Characterization and control of Rhizoctonia solani affecting lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana hort. ex. Mast.) using some bioagents

First Report of Aspergillus Leaf Spot on Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in Iraq

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