First Report of Sclerotinia subarctica nom. prov. (Sclerotinia sp. 1) Causing Stem Rot on Turnip Rape (Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera) in Norway

Brodal, Guro; Warmington, Rachel; Grieu, Chloé; Ficke, Andrea; Clarkson, John P.

doi:10.1094/pdis-06-16-0785-pdn

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…More recently, the pathogen has also been identified on a turnip rape crop ( Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera ) in Norway (Brodal et al, 2017). Little is known about the biology and epidemiology of S. subarctica , but one hypothesis is that it is more endemic to Northern latitudes (Winton et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structure of Sclerotinia subarctica and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in England, Scotland and Norway

et al. 2017

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Sclerotinia species are important fungal pathogens of a wide range of crops and wild host plants. While the biology and population structure of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has been well-studied, little information is available for the related species S. subarctica. In this study, Sclerotinia isolates were collected from different crop plants and the wild host Ranuculus ficaria (meadow buttercup) in England, Scotland, and Norway to determine the incidence of Sclerotinia subarctica and examine the population structure of this pathogen for the first time. Incidence was very low in England, comprising only 4.3% of isolates while moderate and high incidence of S. subarctica was identified in Scotland and Norway, comprising 18.3 and 48.0% of isolates respectively. Characterization with eight microsatellite markers identified 75 haplotypes within a total of 157 isolates over the three countries with a few haplotypes in Scotland and Norway sampled at a higher frequency than the rest across multiple locations and host plants. In total, eight microsatellite haplotypes were shared between Scotland and Norway while none were shared with England. Bayesian and principal component analyses revealed common ancestry and clustering of Scottish and Norwegian S. subarctica isolates while English isolates were assigned to a separate population cluster and exhibited low diversity indicative of isolation. Population structure was also examined for S. sclerotiorum isolates from England, Scotland, Norway, and Australia using microsatellite data, including some from a previous study in England. In total, 484 haplotypes were identified within 800 S. sclerotiorum isolates with just 15 shared between England and Scotland and none shared between any other countries. Bayesian and principal component analyses revealed a common ancestry and clustering of the English and Scottish isolates while Norwegian and Australian isolates were assigned to separate clusters. Furthermore, sequencing part of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the rRNA gene resulted in 26 IGS haplotypes within 870 S. sclerotiorum isolates, nine of which had not been previously identified and two of which were also widely distributed across different countries. S. subarctica therefore has a multiclonal population structure similar to S. sclerotiorum, but has a different ancestry and distribution across England, Scotland, and Norway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structure of Sclerotinia subarctica and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in England, Scotland and Norway

et al. 2017

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“…If at least two replicates of three were amplified by the PCR protocol, the sample was considered positive for Sclerotinia spp. Reference isolates of S. sclerotiorum and S. subarctica sequenced in 2013 at the University of Warwick, England, were used as positive controls (Brodal et al 2017). …”

Section: Real-time Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…prov. (Brodal et al 2017;Taylor et al 2018) is one of the major diseases in Brassica oilseed crops (Buchwaldt 2007). The disease symptoms include white-greyish lesions and bleaching on the main stem, often close to leaf petiole attachment sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of precipitation, and petal and leaf infections in Sclerotinia stem rot of spring oilseed Brassica crops in Norway

et al. 2018

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Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is the most important disease of oilseed Brassica crops in Norway. Fungicide applications should be aligned with the actual need for control, but the SSR prediction models used lack accuracy. We have studied the importance of precipitation, and the role of petal and leaf infection for SSR incidence by using data from Norwegian field and trap plant trials over several years. In the trials, SSR incidence ranged from 0 to 65%. Given an infection threshold of 25% SSR, regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate different precipitation thresholds. The sum of precipitation two weeks before and during flowering appeared to be a poor predictor for SSR infection in our field and trap plant trials (P = 0.24, P = 0.11, respectively). Leaves from three levels (leaf one, three, five), and petals were collected at three to four different times during flowering from nine field sites over two years and tested for SSR infection with real-time PCR. Percentage total leaf and petal infection explained 57 and 45% of variation in SSR incidence, respectively. Examining the different leaves and petals separately, infection of leaf three sampled at full flowering showed the highest explanation of variation in later SSR incidence (R 2 = 65%, P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that given an infection threshold of 45%, both petal and leaf infection recommended spraying when spraying was actually needed. Combining information on petal and leaf infection during flowering with relevant microclimate factors in the canopy, instead of the sum of precipitation might improve prediction accuracy for SSR.

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“…These sclerotia were identical to those formed on witloof chicory and presented the same morphology and size range as those generally observed for S. sclerotiorum. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t (Holst-Jensen et al 1998;Clarkson et al 2010Clarkson et al , 2013Clarkson et al , 2017Warmington 2014) and on vegetables such as bean, cabbage, carrot, celery root, Jerusalem artichoke, lettuce, pea, potato, pumpkin, rutabaga and turnip rape (Winton et al 2006;Warmington 2014;Norskog et al 2014;Brodal et al 2016;Clarkson et al 2017). This host range is still quite modest compared to that of S. sclerotiorum (more than 400 species, Boland & Hall 1994), but it is likely to continue increasing in future years, as suggested by infectivity tests carried out with S. subarctica isolates from meadow buttercup on additional plant species such as broccoli, canola and turnip (Clarkson et al 2010;Taylor et al 2015).…”

Section: Induction Of White Mould Symptoms On Witloof Chicory By S Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such models generally predict the development of apothecia and the release of airborne ascospores on the basis of climatic parameters such as air or soil temperature, air or soil moisture levels and leaf wetness. Field implementation of such models may be complicated by the occurrence of strains of the pathogen with differing biological requirements (Clarkson et al 2007 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 1998), the latter species was found on cultivated crops in northern regions, including Alaska (Winton et al 2006), Norway (Warmington 2014;Norskog et al 2014;Brodal et al 2016;Clarkson et al 2016Clarkson et al , 2017, Scotland (Warmington 2014;Clarkson et al 2010Clarkson et al , 2013Clarkson et al , 2017 and Sweden (Warmington 2014;Clarkson et al 2017). Compared to S. sclerotiorum, which…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Sclerotinia subarctica in France detected with a rapid PCR-based test

Leyronas¹,

Troulet²,

Duffaud³

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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First Report of Sclerotinia subarctica nom. prov. (Sclerotinia sp. 1) Causing Stem Rot on Turnip Rape (Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera) in Norway

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Population Structure of Sclerotinia subarctica and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in England, Scotland and Norway

Population Structure of Sclerotinia subarctica and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in England, Scotland and Norway

The role of precipitation, and petal and leaf infections in Sclerotinia stem rot of spring oilseed Brassica crops in Norway

First report of Sclerotinia subarctica in France detected with a rapid PCR-based test

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