First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Tomato from Hungary

Abstract

A disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was observed in three greenhouses in Tömörkény in southern Hungary in the autumn of 2007. Thirty percent of the plants were chlorotic and stunted and had mottled leaves with interveinal yellowing and necrosis. Similar symptoms induced by Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) on tomato have been reported in other countries (1,2). ToCV is a Crinivirus in the Closteroviridae family, which can cause a decline in plant vigor and reduced fruit yield. ToCV is transmitted by whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum West., T. abutilonea Hald., and Bemisia tabaci Genn.) and grafting, but cannot be transmitted mechanically. Only T. vaporariorum is known to be present and widespread in Hungary. Virus presence was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR as described by Louro et al. (2). cDNA synthesis with ToCV specific primers (ToCV-UP 5′-TCATTAAAACTCAATGGGACCGAG-3′ (3) and ToCV-DW 5′-GCGACGTAAATTGAAACCC-3′) was successful and electron microscopy revealed ToCV-like particles. The PCR product has been sequenced (GenBank Accession No. HQ444266) and showed 97 to 99% identity to ToCV isolates in GenBank. According to the symptoms, amplified region, sequence data, and electron microscopy, the tomato samples from Tömörkény were confirmed to be infected with ToCV. The economic losses associated with ToCV were minor. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of ToCV in Hungary. References: (1) G. P. Accotto et al. Plant Dis. 85:1208, 2001. (2) D. Louro et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:589, 2000 (3) J. Th. J. Verhoven et al. Plant Dis. 87:872, 2003.

Whitefly‐transmitted RNA viruses that affect intensive vegetable production

“…The present patterns of world distribution of TICV and ToCV are clearly different. TICV has been found in only 12 countries, mainly in North America and Europe (Navas‐Castillo et al , ; Pasev et al , ), whereas ToCV is present in more than 20 countries and territories worldwide (Bese et al , ; Fiallo‐Olivé et al , ; Navas‐Castillo et al , ; Zhao et al , ). In several places where TICV had emerged as a new threat for tomato production the virus has declined in importance or has even disappeared.…”

Synergistic Effects of a Tomato chlorosis virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Mixed Infection on Host Tomato Plants and the Whitefly Vector

“…A single-stranded RNA Crinivirus, ToCV was originally identified in the 1990s in Florida, United States. Subsequently, the virus has spread into more than 20 countries, including those in Europe, Africa, North America, South America, and Asia (Wisler et al, 1998;Bese et al, 2011;Fiallo-Olivé et al, 2011;Navas-Castillo et al, 2011;Arruabarrena et al, 2014;Li et al, 2018;Favara et al, 2019). ToCV and TYLCV can be efficiently transmitted in a semipersistent and persistent circulative manner by the same whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) MED, under natural conditions (Wintermantel and Wisler, 2006;Polston et al, 2014), and the continuous influxes of viruliferous whiteflies is a major factor responsible for the spread of these two viruses (Orfanidou et al, 2016;Shi et al, 2018;Macedo et al, 2019).…”

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-ToCV Activity of Novel 4(3H)-Quinazolinone Derivatives Bearing Dithioacetal Moiety

“…Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), a plant RNA virus transmitted by whitefly, was first discovered in the United States in 1998, and it belongs to the family Closteroviridae , genus Crinivirus. , ToCV has a wide range of hosts; it infects not only tomato, pepper, potato, and other Solanaceae plants but also 25 other plant species from eight different families. After being infected with ToCV, the tomato plant mainly exhibited developmental delay, leaf brittleness, interveinal chlorosis, and limited necrotic flecking. − In recent years, ToCV has occurred in more than 20 countries around the world and caused enormous economic losses. − Currently, effective agents to control this plant virus disease are still lacking, resulting in a serious decline in tomato quality and yield. Therefore, the development of efficient anti-ToCV agents is urgently needed.…”