First Report of Lethal Necrosis Disease Associated With Co-Infection of Finger Millet With <i>Maize chlorotic mottle virus</i> and <i>Sugarcane mosaic virus</i> in Kenya

Kusia, Elizabeth Siago; Subramanian, Sevgan; Nyasani, Johnson O.; Khamis, Fathiya M.; Villinger, Jandouwe; Ateka, Elijah; Pappu, H. R.

doi:10.1094/pdis-10-14-1048-pdn

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These facts suggest that the continuously high incidence of this virus in these MLN hotspot areas may be partially associated with several alternative MCMV weed host sources in these maizeproducing agroecological zones. Up to the recent past when MCMV was identified in sorghum [25,26], sugarcane [8], finger millet [9], Napier grass [16] and Kikuyu grass [16], the only naturally occurring host of MCMV was maize [7]. [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However apart from maize, there is scanty information about its natural alternative hosts and ecology in Uganda. Maize was the only naturally occurring host of MCMV known [7], until recently when the virus was detected in sugarcane [8] and finger millet [9]. These new findings point to the possibility of other new natural hosts of MLN viruses that could be present in Uganda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies on the significance of weeds as reservoirs of MLN causing viruses notably MCMV [8,11,7,10] and MDMV and SCMV [12,13,14] have been conducted in maize production agro-ecologies in temperate regions of North America. Little or no related studies have been conducted in tropical regions [9,15,16]. Differences in agroecosystems and agro-ecologies result in differences in the biology and occurrence of different weed species, which may cause variation in their relation to MLN causing viruses and their vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Prevalent Weeds and Cultivated Crops in the Epidemiology of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Major Maize Growing Agroecological Zones of Uganda

Mudde

Kilalo

Olubayo

et al. 2019

ARRB

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In Uganda, the severe Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease, which threatens subsistence maize production is caused by co-infection of maize plants with Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). However, there is no information about natural hosts of MLN causing viruses and their role in epidemiology of MLN in Uganda. The aim of this study was to determine existence of natural alternative weed and cultivated crop hosts of MLN causing viruses. Three seasonal surveys between 2014 and 2015 were carried out in five major maize growing agroecological zones of Uganda. Weeds and cultivated crops growing in proximity to maize were observed for virus symptoms and tested for MLN causing viruses using Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Data was collected on frequency of occurrence of weeds and cultivated crop species and MLN virus disease incidence. Digitaria abyssinica, Bidens pilosa and Commelina benghalensis were the most common weed species while Phaseolus vulgaris, Manihot esculenta, Arachis hypogaea), Musa sp, Glycine max and Ipomoea batatas were most common cultivated crops. Pennisetum purpureum, Digitaria abyssinica, Cyperus rotundus, Amaranthus spinosus, Commelina benghalensis and Eleusine indica weeds species are natural hosts of Maize chlorotic mottle virus. Among the cultivated crops, Phaseolus vulgaris, Manihot esculenta and Sesamum indicum are natural hosts of MCMV. Only Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) tested positive for SCMV. MCMV incidence in weeds ranged from 2% to 63%% and 2% to 29% in cultivated crops. MLN causing viruses were prevalent in weeds and cultivated crops located in known hotspots for MLN in Uganda. The study has revealed that alternative hosts of MLN-causing viruses are present in major maize growing agroecological zones of Uganda and act as sources of inoculum to sustain MLN epidemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Prevalent Weeds and Cultivated Crops in the Epidemiology of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Major Maize Growing Agroecological Zones of Uganda

Mudde

Kilalo

Olubayo

et al. 2019

ARRB

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“…MCMV, together with other maize‐infecting potyviruses, are responsible for inducing corn lethal necrosis disease, which was first described in Peru in 1974 and has since spread worldwide (Castillo‐Loayza, ; Niblett & Clafin, ; Morales et al ., ; Adams et al ., ; Deng et al ., ; Lukanda et al ., ; Gowda et al ., ; Mahuku et al ., ; Quito‐Avila et al ., ; Chen et al ., ). In addition to maize, MCMV also can infect sorghum, Coix seed and finger millet in several Asia and Africa regions, probably due to its diverse transmission methods including by seeds, mechanical inoculation, and insects including thrips and beetles (Jiang et al ., ; Cabanas et al ., ; Deng et al ., ; Kusia et al ., ; Achon et al ., ; Chen et al ., ).…”

Section: Current Global Status Of the Viruses Transmitted By F Occidmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management

Guo

Reitz

et al. 2019

Insect Science

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Western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most economically important agricultural pests globally, attacking a wide range of vegetable and horticultural crops. In addition to causing extensive crop damage, the species is notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses, mainly belonging to the genera Orthotospovirus, Ilarvirus, Alphacarmovirus and Machlomovirus. Once infected by orthotospoviruses, thrips can remain virulent throughout their lifespan and continue transmitting viruses to host plants when and wherever they feed. These irruptive viral outbreaks in crops will permanently disrupt functional integrated pest management systems, and typically require a remedial treatment involving insecticides, contributing to further development of insecticide resistance. To mitigate against this continuing cycle, the most effective management is early and comprehensive surveillance of the pest species and recognition of plant viruses in the field. This review provides information on the pest status of F. occidentalis, discusses the current global status of the viruses vectored by this thrip species, examines the mechanisms involved in transmitting virus-induced diseases by thrips, and reviews different management strategies, highlighting the potential management tactics developed for various cropping systems. The early surveillance and the utilization of potential methods for control of both F. occidentalis and viruses are proposed.

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“…Any of the two viruses can infect the maize plant before the other or both can infect the plant at the same time (Scheets, 1998 ; Gowda et al, 2015 ; Xie et al, 2016 ). Recently, a study conducted in Kenya showed that MLN affects millet due to co-infection of MCMV and SCMV (Kusia et al, 2015 ). Classification of MLN and its major causal viruses is presented in Table 1 .…”

Section: Maize Lethal Necrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize lethal necrosis and the molecular basis of variability in concentrations of the causal viruses in co-infected maize plant

Awata¹,

Ifie

Tongoona

et al. 2019

J. Gen. Mol. Virol.

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First Report of Lethal Necrosis Disease Associated With Co-Infection of Finger Millet With Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus in Kenya

Cited by 30 publications

References 3 publications

Role of Prevalent Weeds and Cultivated Crops in the Epidemiology of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Major Maize Growing Agroecological Zones of Uganda

Role of Prevalent Weeds and Cultivated Crops in the Epidemiology of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Major Maize Growing Agroecological Zones of Uganda

A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management

Maize lethal necrosis and the molecular basis of variability in concentrations of the causal viruses in co-infected maize plant

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