Fish‐Forestry Interaction Research in Coastal British Columbia ‐ the Carnation Creek and Queen Charlotte Islands Studies

Tschaplinski, Peter; Hogan, Dan; Hartman, G. F.

doi:10.1002/9780470995242.ch18

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Channel change (bed and bank erosion and/or deposition) has been measured annually in the study reach since 1970 as part of the Carnation Creek Fish-Forestry Interaction Program (see Hogan et al, 1998;Haschenburger and Rice, 2004;Tschaplinski et al, 2004;Hassan et al, 2008). Data has been collected for the project using various survey techniques and equipment (e.g.…”

Section: Field Trial 1: Dem Extraction and Error Assessment In Carnatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetric monitoring of small streams under a riparian forest canopy

Bird¹,

Hogan²,

Schwab³

2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The recent advent of digital photogrammetry has enabled the modeling and monitoring of river beds at relatively high spatial resolution (0·01 to 1 m) through the extraction of digital elevation models (DEMs). The traditional approach to image capture has been to mount a metric camera to an aircraft, although non-metric cameras have been mounted to a variety of novel aerial platforms to acquire river-based imagery (e.g. helicopters, radio-controlled motorized vehicles, tethered blimps and balloons). However, most of these techniques are designed to acquire imagery at fl ying heights above the riparian tree canopy. In relatively narrow channels (e.g. <20 m bankfull width), streamside trees can obscure the channel and limit continuous photogrammetric data acquisition of both the channel bed and banks, while still providing useful information regarding the riparian canopy and even spot elevations of the channel. This paper presents a technique for the capture and analysis of close-range photogrammetric data acquired from a vertically mounted non-metric camera suspended 10 m above the channel bed by a unipod. The camera is positioned under the riparian forest canopy so that the channel bed can be imaged without obstruction. The system is portable and permits relatively rapid image acquisition over rough terrain and in dense forest. The platform was used to generate DEMs with a nominal ground resolution of 0·03 m. DEMs generated from this platform required post-possessing to either adjust or eliminate erroneous cells introduced by the extraction process, overhanging branches, and by the effects of refraction at the air-water interface for submerged portions of the channel bed. The vertical precision in the post-processed surface generally ranged from ± 0·01 to 0·1 m depending on the quality of triangulation and the characteristics of the surface being imaged.

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Section: Field Trial 1: Dem Extraction and Error Assessment In Carnatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetric monitoring of small streams under a riparian forest canopy

Bird¹,

Hogan²,

Schwab³

2010

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Details of the study design and the methods employed for monitoring physical variables, fish populations, and biological processes before, during, and after forest harvesting were described by Hartman and Scrivener () and summarized by Tschaplinski (, ) and Tschaplinski, Hogan, and Hartman ().…”

Section: Project Design and Study Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of these study components remain active (Tschaplinski, ; Tschaplinski et al, ). Components discontinued include water chemistry, periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrate, forestry‐related ground disturbance, and storm‐driven suspended sediment dynamics.…”

Section: Project Design and Study Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abundance, age structure, growth, and survival during summer are determined from these surveys for juvenile coho salmon, rainbow (steelhead) trout, and cutthroat trout. For each species, the abundance of juveniles in the last summer survey is compared to the numbers of smolts‐migrating seaward in spring to determine overwinter survival, a key population metric sensitive to habitat quantity and quality (Tschaplinski, ; Tschaplinski et al, ).…”

Section: Fish Populations Migrations and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, long‐term trends in anadromous salmon abundance, growth, and survival in fresh water are often difficult to interpret because they may be confounded by changes in climate, ocean conditions, and fisheries management strategies. In addition, there may be interactions between freshwater and marine processes and corresponding salmon life history phases (Tschaplinski et al, ).…”

Section: Summary Trends In Carnation Creek Coho Salmonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carnation Creek watershed experiment—long‐term responses of coho salmon populations to historic forest practices

Tschaplinski

Pike

2017

Ecohydrology

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The Carnation Creek project is a long-term study of the effects of forestry practices on a small coastal watershed (11 km 2 ) located in southwestern Vancouver Island. Initiated in 1970, this pretreatment versus post-treatment case study consists of 5 years of preharvest, 6 years of duringharvest, and now, 34 years of postharvest research. Forty-one percent of the watershed was clearcut from 1976 to 1981. One tributary sub-basin (1.1 km 2 ) was left as an unharvested reference drainage. Riparian treatments varied from clearcuts to a variable-width buffer. Fish population responses to logging have been complex, and specific to species and life stages. Stream warming due partly to riparian harvest increased the growth and survival of juvenile coho salmon and elevated smolt production by 65% for nearly three decades. These relatively short-term thermal benefits offset the effects of riparian clearcutting which included accelerated bank erosion, streambed scour, loss of stable in-stream wood, and sediment movement downstream. Landslides in 1984 greatly amplified these effects but took more than 20 years to propagate downstream to reduce fish habitat complexity and increase streambed instability and sediment transport over the entire portion inhabited by anadromous salmon. These delayed impacts have surpassed the thermal-related benefits for coho salmon. Fry-to-smolt overwinter survival has declined from a mean of 50% between 1982 and 2004 to 15% since 2005. Coho salmon smolt production has consequently been reduced to below prelogging levels. Results show that forestry-related alterations may take decades to fully develop and persist for decades longer without watershed and stream channel restoration.

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Landslide response to the 27 October 2012 earthquake (MW 7.8), southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada

et al. 2019

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In this paper, we examine the influence of the 27 October 2012, M w 7.8 earthquake on landslide occurrence in the southern half of Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia, Canada. Our 1350 km 2 study area is undisturbed, primarily forested terrain that has not experienced road building or timber harvesting. Our inventory of landslide polygons is based on optical airborne and spaceborne images acquired between 2007 and 2018, from which we extracted and mapped 446 individual landslides (an average of 33 landslides per 100 km 2). The landslide rate in years without major earthquakes averages 19.4 per year, or 1.4/100 km 2 /year, and the annual average area covered by nonseismically triggered landslides is 35 ha/year. The number of landslides identified in imagery closely following the 2012 earthquake, and probably triggered by it, is 244 or an average of about 18 landslides per 100 km 2. These landslides cover a total area of 461 ha. In the following years-2013-2016 and 2016-2018-the number of landslides fell, respectively, to 26 and 13.5 landslides per year. In non-earthquake years, most landslides happen on south-facing slopes, facing the prevailing winds. In contrast, during or immediately after the earthquake, up to 32% of the landslides occurred on north and northwest-facing slopes. Although we could not find imagery from the day after the earthquake, overview reconnaissance flights 10 and 16 days later showed that most of the landslides were recent, suggesting they were co-seismic.

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Fish‐Forestry Interaction Research in Coastal British Columbia ‐ the Carnation Creek and Queen Charlotte Islands Studies

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Photogrammetric monitoring of small streams under a riparian forest canopy

Photogrammetric monitoring of small streams under a riparian forest canopy

Carnation Creek watershed experiment—long‐term responses of coho salmon populations to historic forest practices

Landslide response to the 27 October 2012 earthquake (MW 7.8), southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada

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