Fish intake reflects on DHA level in breast milk among lactating women in Latvia

Aumeistere, Līva; Ciproviča, I.; Zavadska, Dace; Volkovs, Viktors

doi:10.1186/s13006-018-0175-8

Cited by 25 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that both n -3 LC PUFA and carotenoid concentration in breastmilk are diet-dependent [41,68,69,70]. The DHA concentration in breastmilk may be increased through the consumption of fish [70] or dietary supplementation, both during lactation and pregnancy [71,72]. The previous studies showed that a DHA dose of 1.0–7.5 g/day was safe for mothers and infants and was linked with other health benefits in adults, including cardiovascular and brain function in adults [73,74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association between Breastmilk LC PUFA, Carotenoids and Psychomotor Development of Exclusively Breastfed Infants

Zielińska

Hamułka

Grabowicz-Chądrzyńska³

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The first months of infant life are crucial for proper neurodevelopment, which may be influenced by several factors, including nutrition and nutrients (e.g., long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) and carotenoids) of which the concentration in breastmilk is diet-dependent. This study analysed the relationship between the average concentrations of selected LC PUFA and carotenoids in breastmilk samples from the first and third months of lactation and the psychomotor development of exclusively breastfed infants at the sixth month of life. Infant psychomotor development was assessed using the Children Development Scale (DSR). The average age of infants during the assessment was 6.6 ± 0.2 months and 30.9 ± 3.8 years for mothers (n = 39 mother–infant pairs). The average concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was 0.50% of fatty acids. The average concentration of carotenoids was 33.3 nmol/L for β-carotene, 121 nmol/L for lycopene and 33.3 nmol/L for lutein + zeaxanthin. The total results of the Performance scale and Motor subscale were 39 centiles and 4.1 points, respectively. Adjusted multivariate regression models revealed associations between breastmilk DHA and motor development (β = 0.275; p ≤ 0.05), α-linolenic acid (ALA; β = 0.432; p ≤ 0.05), n-3 LC PUFA (β = 0.423; p ≤ 0.05) and β-carotene (β = 0.359; p ≤ 0.05). In addition, an association between the Perception subscale and DHA was observed (β = 0.316; p ≤ 0.05; model 2). There were no significant associations between the overall Performance scale scores. Due to the positive association between concentrations of n-3 LC PUFA (ALA and DHA) and β-carotene in breastmilk and infant motor development, it is important to provide these nutrients with breastmilk. According to the diet-dependent concentration of these compounds in breastmilk, breastfeeding mothers should have a diet abundant in dietary sources of these nutrients, e.g., fish, nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, vegetables and fruits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Breastmilk LC PUFA, Carotenoids and Psychomotor Development of Exclusively Breastfed Infants

Zielińska

Hamułka

Grabowicz-Chądrzyńska³

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Our finding is not consistent with previous studies conducted in the United States [31,32], Canada [17,33], and Europe [34], which reported that the majority of breastfeeding women in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort were not meeting any of the various authorities’ omega-3 FAs recommendations [35]. Similarly, in the Latvian study (Latvia and Poland are situated in the same geographic region, both countries have access to the Baltic Sea), DHA daily intake was lower than recommended, and was only 136 ± 26 mg [36]. It is widely reported that supplementation increases mother’s milk DHA concentrations [37,38], and our results confirmed these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concentration of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Human Milk Is Related to Their Habitual but Not Current Intake

Bzikowska‐Jura

Czerwonogrodzka–Senczyna

Jasińska-Melon

et al. 2019

Nutrients

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This study determined fatty acid (FA) concentrations in maternal milk and investigated the association between omega-3 fatty acid levels and their maternal current dietary intake (based on three-day dietary records) and habitual dietary intake (based on intake frequency of food products). Tested material comprised 32 samples of human milk, coming from exclusively breastfeeding women during their first month of lactation. Milk fatty acids were analyzed as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) by gas chromatography using a Hewlett-Packard 6890 gas chromatograph with MS detector 5972A. We did not observe any correlation between current dietary intake of omega-3 FAs and their concentrations in human milk. However, we observed that the habitual intake of fatty fish affected omega-3 FA concentrations in human milk. Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients were 0.25 (p = 0.049) for DHA, 0.27 (p = 0.03) for EPA, and 0.28 (p = 0.02) for ALA. Beef consumption was negatively correlated with DHA concentrations in human milk (r = −0.25; p = 0.046). These findings suggest that current omega-3 FA intake does not translate directly into their concentration in human milk. On the contrary, their habitual intake seems to markedly influence their milk concentration.

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“…Fat content in human milk was determined by LVS ISO 2446:2008, protein content was determined by LVS EN ISO 8968-1:2014 (conversion factor of 6.25 was used), lactose was determined by ISO 22662:2007, and the fatty acid profile of human milk was analyzed using gas chromatography (for a more detailed description, see Aumeistere et al, 2018 [21]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Maternal Diet on Human Milk Composition Among Lactating Women in Latvia

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Background and objectives: Many studies indicate that the maternal diet is an important factor affecting human milk composition. Human milk composition among lactating women in Latvia, as well as the maternal diet during lactation, has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this research was to assess dietary habits and macronutrient intake among lactating women in Latvia and to examine the effect of diet on human milk composition. Materials and Methods: Research was conducted between November 2016 and December 2017. Mature human milk samples (n = 61) along with a 72h food diary, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and a questionnaire about maternal and infant characteristics were obtained from voluntary women who were recruited via an invitation published in a social media member group for nursing mothers. Fat content in human milk was determined by LVS ISO 2446:2008, protein content was determined by LVS EN ISO 8968-1:2014, lactose was determined by ISO 22662:2007, and the fatty acid profile was analyzed using gas chromatography. Dietary data were evaluated using the Finnish food composition database Fineli, release 19 (3 March 2018). Results: Median values for fat, protein, and lactose in mature human milk were 4.40%, 1.08%, and 6.52%, respectively. Predominant fatty acids in human milk were oleic acid (C18:1 n9c), palmitic acid (C16:0), and linoleic acid (C18:2 n6c) at 34.60%, 24.00%, and 11.00% of total fatty acids, respectively. The trans elaidic acid (C18:1 n9t) level was <0.10% in all human milk samples. Significant, positive associations (p < 0.05) were found between maternal dietary intake of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, total cis-monounsaturated, total cis-polyunsaturated, and total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the ratio of n-6/n-3, and the level of these fatty acids in human milk. Total energy and carbohydrate intake among participants were lower, but total fat, saturated fat, and sugar intake were higher than recommended. Protein, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid intake were adequate, but docosahexaenoic acid intake was noticeably lower than recommended. Women should be supported with information regarding their nutritional needs during lactation and the possible impact of diet on human milk composition. Conclusion: Macronutrient (fat, protein, and lactose) content in human milk is not affected by maternal diet. Conversely, the human milk fatty acid profile is affected by the immediate diet consumed by the mother. Habitual dietary habits can also impact the fatty acid profile of human milk.

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Fish intake reflects on DHA level in breast milk among lactating women in Latvia

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Association between Breastmilk LC PUFA, Carotenoids and Psychomotor Development of Exclusively Breastfed Infants

Association between Breastmilk LC PUFA, Carotenoids and Psychomotor Development of Exclusively Breastfed Infants

The Concentration of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Human Milk Is Related to Their Habitual but Not Current Intake

Impact of Maternal Diet on Human Milk Composition Among Lactating Women in Latvia

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