Five steps to conducting a systematic review

Khan, Khalid S.; Kunz, Regina; Kleijnen, Jos; Antes, Gerd

doi:10.1258/jrsm.96.3.118

Cited by 624 publications

(325 citation statements)

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“…The adjective "systematic" implies conducting the review based on a clearly formulated question, identifying relevant studies, appraising their quality, and summarizing the evidence using explicit methodologies. The term "systematic review" implies obeying the predefined rules [42] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesteatoma Definition and Classification: A Literature Review

Rutkowska

Özgirgin²,

Olszewska³

2017

Int Adv Otol

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Review INTRODUCTIONThe management of cholesteatoma continues to be a challenge for otolaryngologists around the world. Even in countries with advanced healthcare facilities, undertaking routine physical examinations, with good access to specialists, and where efforts are taken for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cholesteatoma, there is a considerable prevalence of cholesteatoma and its complications in children and adults.Diagnosis of cholesteatoma is performed by otolaryngologists using different methods, including obtaining the history that is characteristic for cholesteatoma suspicion, searching for or evidence of cholesteatoma during the physical examination using otoscopy and/or otomicroscopy, and interpretation of imaging (computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance) [1].Despite the fact that cholesteatoma is diagnosed throughout the world, there are differences in the definition, classification, and management of cholesteatoma. These differences make it difficult to compare the reports in the literature, and limit the ability to derive further conclusions from individual or regional outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to create a common scientific language, with the definitions of an issue as a principle. Furthermore, utilizing a comparable classification system will allow investigators to share their experience across the world, leading to better assessment and management of cholesteatoma.To achieve this, a recent initiative aimed to explore opinions among the members of European Academy of Otology & Neuro-otology (EAONO) regarding the definition and classification of cholesteatoma. Although consensus was achieved on the cholesteatoma definitions, it could not be achieved on its classification [2] . The process of development of the questionnaires, the responses obtained from the EAONO members through three cycles of questionnaires, and the final set of statements were reported in detail. Here we report the literature review that led to the development of the questionnaire on the definitions and classification to provide a basis for the outcome. In addition, we present various classifications of cholesteatoma in the literature and emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of each of these classifications to stimulate an effort to develop a consensus on the classification as well. METHODSEAONO steering group decided to undertake the task of developing guidelines in the field of otology and neurotology. Guidelines regarding the assessment and management of cholesteatoma were established as a priority. Among the committees established, the task of developing the guidelines for the definition and classification of cholesteatoma was assigned to Ewa Olszewska in June Cholesteatoma Definition and Classification: A Literature ReviewCholesteatoma is a serious otolaryngologic condition that to date remains an important problem and poses a challenge to otolaryngologists around the world. To improve the approach pertaining to the diagnosis and management of middle ear cholesteatoma, clear, clinical...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesteatoma Definition and Classification: A Literature Review

Rutkowska

Özgirgin²,

Olszewska³

2017

Int Adv Otol

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“…12, No. 6;2017 was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and according to the recommendations of Khan, Kunz, Kleijnen, and Antes (2003). Using keywords, the research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge research engines, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Factors that Affect the Well-Being of Healthcare Workers

Tomo¹,

Simone²

2017

IJBM

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While the literature on well-being has largely explored workers in different industries, and much has been written about patient well-being and quality of life in recent years, little attention has focused on the well-being of healthcare professionals. This study aims to provide a relevant state-of-the-art on the healthcare sector within the context of well-being. The paper employs a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA guidelines, to find relevant studies; the analysis of results is then provided by using Herzberg's two-factor theory to explore factors affecting the well-being of healthcare workers. The literature review revealed that few relevant studies were conducted before the year 2013; only a recent increased attention to this theme, with a particular focus on nurses, enabled this study to confirm several factors individuated in the general literature on well-being and to highlight some other factors specific to healthcare. This paper provides suggestions to build a better and healthier work environment, highlighting that managers need to focus their attention on creating conditions that facilitate intra-and inter-professional relationships, on providing healthcare workers with adequate solutions for their well-being, and on strengthening the individual employee's identification with, and involvement in, the organization.

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“…As the number of studies in this area was found to be very low, it was necessary to create a process to conduct this review that included qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies. The method devised for this review was primarily informed by Khan's et al's five step reviewing process, which involves framing focus questions, identifying relevant work, "assessing the quality of studies", "summarizing the evidence", and "interpreting the findings" [35].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Adolescents Prefer Electronic Books to Paper Books?

Merga

2015

Publications

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While electronic books offer a range of benefits and may be supposed to be more appealing to young people than paper books, this assumption is often treated as fact by educational researchers. Understanding adolescents' true current preferences is essential, as incorrect assumptions can lead to decisions which restrict adolescent access to their preferred book mode. The belief that adolescents prefer electronic books to paper books has already led to some school libraries being expunged of paper books. As adolescents show a higher level of aliteracy than younger children, and regular reading offers a broad range of benefits for young people, it is imperative that school's decisions around providing access to books are responsive to adolescent students' genuine preferences. This paper analyses the current and relevant academic research around adolescent preferences for book modes, finding that, at present, the contention that adolescents prefer electronic books is not supported by the available research. In addition, there are a number of issues identified that make analyzing the findings in this area problematic. Future studies in this area are needed before an adolescent preference for electronic books can be unequivocally substantiated.

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Five steps to conducting a systematic review

Cited by 624 publications

References 1 publication

Cholesteatoma Definition and Classification: A Literature Review

Cholesteatoma Definition and Classification: A Literature Review

Exploring Factors that Affect the Well-Being of Healthcare Workers

Do Adolescents Prefer Electronic Books to Paper Books?

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