Flame Retardancy and Mechanism of Bismaleimide Resins Based on a Unique Inorganic–Organic Hybridized Intumescent Flame Retardant

Abstract

To completely overcome three critical disadvantages of traditional intumescent flame retardants, a unique hybridized intumescent flame retardant (HPSi-IFR) with three-dimensional structure was synthesized, which has amine groups and Si and P elements. HPSi-IFR has very high thermal stability under either a nitrogen or air atmosphere. With a small addition of HPSi-IFR, the modified bismaleimide/diallyl bisphenol A (BDM/DBA) resin has significantly improved flame retardancy. With only 5 wt % addition of HPSi-IFR into BDM/DBA resin, the residue at 800°C increases 23.1 wt %; meanwhile, the heat release capacity, the total heat release, and the maximum heat release are only 67, 55, and 63% of those of BDM/DBA resin, respectively. To reveal the mechanism behind the attractive flame retarding effect of HPSi-IFR, the char formation chemistry and thermodegradation kinetics were intensively studied. Results show that HPSi-IFR greatly improves the ability of producing a stable and condensed barrier that prevents the heat and mass transfer.

Flame retarding epoxy composites with poly(phosphazene-co-bisphenol A)-coated boron nitride to improve thermal conductivity and thermal stability

“…This revealed that the addition of PCB-BN could form a cross-linked network with excellent thermal and dimensional stability, and the structure could protect the internal resin from further degradation. 61 It is conrmed by the FTIR spectra (Fig. 14d).…”

Design and Application of Highly Efficient Flame Retardants for Polycarbonate Combining the Advantages of Cyclotriphosphazene and Silicone Oil

“…Figure 5b and Table 3 show that the THR curve of PC/HSPCTP3 composites is lower than that of pure PC, and the THR value decreased from 71.56 to 59.11 MJ/m 2 . This is attributed to the fact that the PTFE formed a network structure after mixing and to the decomposition of HSPCTP, which contains phosphazene and hydroxypropyl silicone oil groups [32,33,34,35,36,37,38]. These results show that HSPCTP has a synergistic flame-retardant effect with PTFE, and that HSPCTP plays a major role in flame retardancy.…”

“…As Table 3 reveals, the average value of effective heat combustion (EHC) for PC/HSPCTP3 is 15.90 MJ/kg, which is smaller than that of pure PC. This phenomenon occurs because HSPCTP contains phosphazene and dihydroxypropyl silicone oil groups, which produce noncombustible gases, such as NH 3 , CO 2 , H 2 O and volatile phosphide during the combustion process [32,33,34,35,36,37,38]. Finally, the average value of HRR for PC/HSPCTP3 is 131.93 kW/m 2 , which is also smaller than pure PC.…”

Cyanate ester resin based composites with high toughness and thermal conductivity

“…9,10 It has been used in wave-transparent composites, 9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] composite laminates, adhesives, semiconductor packaging, and other applications. 13,[18][19][20][21] However, the cured resin has high crosslinking density and poor impact resistance, which makes the cyanate ester matrix undesirable in many applications. 22 Researchers have been working to toughen cyanate ester and broaden its use.…”