Flame-Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites and Their Heat-Release Rates

Shan, Guobin; Jin, Wei; Chen, Hongxiang; Zhao, Min; Surampalli, Rao Y.; Ramakrishnan, Anushuya; Zhang, Tian C.; Tyagi, Rajeshwar Dayal

doi:10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000269

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 142 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nanoclays, such as montmorillonite and vermiculite, have been used as fireretardant coatings or fillers in polymers. The ordered distribution of nanosized clay particles can improve the gas barrier property, fire retardancy and mechanical performance (Shan et al 2015, Chatterjee et al 2017, Hu et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving fire retardancy of cellulosic thermal insulating materials by coating with bio-based fire retardants

Zheng

2019

Nordic Pulp &Amp; Paper Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sustainable thermal insulating materials produced from cellulosic fibers provide a viable alternative to plastic insulation foams. Industrially available, abundant, and inexpensive mechanical pulp fiber and recycled textile fiber provide potential raw materials to produce thermal insulating materials. To improve the fire retardancy of low-density thermal insulating materials produced from recycled cotton denim and mechanical pulp fibers, bio-based fire retardants, such as sulfonated kraft lignin, kraft lignin, and nanoclays, were coated onto sustainable insulating material surfaces to enhance their fire retardancy. Microfibrillated cellulose was used as a bio-based binder in the coating formula to disperse and bond the fire-retardant particles to the underlying thermal insulating materials. The flammability of the coated thermal insulating materials was tested using a single-flame source test and cone calorimetry. The results showed that sulfonated kraft lignin-coated cellulosic thermal insulating materials had a better fire retardancy compared with that for kraft lignin with a coating weight of 0.8 kg/m2. Nanoclay-coated samples had the best fire retardancy and did not ignite under a heat flux of 25 kW/m2, as shown by cone calorimetry and single-flame source tests, respectively. These cost-efficient and bio-based fire retardants have broad applications for improving fire retardancy of sustainable thermal insulating materials.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving fire retardancy of cellulosic thermal insulating materials by coating with bio-based fire retardants

Zheng

2019

Nordic Pulp &Amp; Paper Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, research has shown that the use of nanofillers in composites also brings benefits related to the flammability and fire behavior of composites. In the 1970s and 1980s, the first patents appeared, which referred to the benefits of reduced flammability of composites resulting from the use of aluminosilicate nanofillers [109]. At first, these were only reports of increased flame resistance that were not supported by any data, as in the case of the Toyota patent [110].…”

Section: Claysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams’ Flammability

Hejna

2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyurethanes are a very important group of polymers with an extensive range of applications in different branches of industry. In the form of foams, they are mainly used in bedding, furniture, building, construction, and automotive sectors. Due to human safety reasons, these applications require an appropriate level of flame retardance, often required by various law regulations. Nevertheless, without the proper modifications, polyurethane foams are easily ignitable, highly flammable, and generate an enormous amount of smoke during combustion. Therefore, proper modifications or additives should be introduced to reduce their flammability. Except for the most popular phosphorus-, halogen-, or nitrogen-containing flame retardants, promising results were noted for the application of clays. Due to their small particle size and flake-like shape, they induce a “labyrinth effect” inside the foam, resulting in the delay of decomposition onset, reduction of smoke generation, and inhibition of heat, gas, and mass transfer. Moreover, clays can be easily modified with different organic compounds or used along with conventional flame retardants. Such an approach may often result in the synergy effect, which provides the exceptional reduction of foams’ flammability. This paper summarizes the literature reports related to the applications of clays in the reduction of polyurethane foams’ flammability, either by their incorporation as a nanofiller or by preparation of coatings.

show abstract

“…Polymeric materials are rapidly replacing metals and ceramic materials in various applications. This is attributed to the remarkable combination of properties like low weight, easy of fabrication and low processing temperature [ 1 , 2 ]. Use of polymers in the electric and electronics (E&E) industry is prominent such as in electronics housings, insulators and printed circuits [ 3 ], and similarly, in transportation industry [ 4 , 5 ], flexible solar cells [ 6 ] and synthetic fibres in textile industry [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.

show abstract

Flame-Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites and Their Heat-Release Rates

Cited by 21 publications

References 142 publications

Improving fire retardancy of cellulosic thermal insulating materials by coating with bio-based fire retardants

Improving fire retardancy of cellulosic thermal insulating materials by coating with bio-based fire retardants

Clays as Inhibitors of Polyurethane Foams’ Flammability

Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About