Flame-Retardant Thermoset Nanocomposites for Engineering Applications

Kandola, Baljinder K.; Deli, Dario

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53808-6.00016-0

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Due to the priority of improving the thermal behavior mainly in the case of fire as an extreme emergency condition, a detailed evaluation of the thermal properties of tested materials at high temperatures was conducted. Thermo-oxidation processes accompanied by irreversible changes (primarily degradation) in polymer materials occur at high temperatures, and the data determined by thermal analysis can be used as relevant results [ 41 , 46 ] for parameters defined by standardized methods [ 27 ]. The results of the simultaneous measurement of weight (TG curves) and heat flow (DSC curves) are summarized graphically in Figure 3 Only minimal differences are evident from the change in weight for each material ( Figure 3 a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halloysite Nanotubes as an Additive to Ensure Enhanced Characteristics of Cold-Curing Epoxy Resins under Fire Conditions

2020

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At present, the most commonly used electrical insulating materials, including cold-curing epoxy resins, are well designed for normal operating conditions. However, new generations of materials should also be capable of withstanding extreme emergency conditions, e.g., in case of fire. For this reason, this study presents the possibilities of an improved cold-curing epoxy resin using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to increase its operational safety. The positive effect of HNT addition is indicated mainly in terms of the suppression of thermo-oxidation processes, which has been demonstrated by the decreases in the maximum heat flow peaks as well as the specific enthalpy values during the thermal decomposition of the epoxy resin. The observed dielectric parameters of the HNT-added materials differ only slightly from those without a filler, whereas their mechanical properties strongly depend on the amount of dispersed HNTs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halloysite Nanotubes as an Additive to Ensure Enhanced Characteristics of Cold-Curing Epoxy Resins under Fire Conditions

2020

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“…It is difficult to process above 10 wt % nanoparticle concentration. The use of nanoparticles in epoxy resins is widely reported in the literature, and it is beyond the scope of this review to cover all relevant papers, for which reader is referred to previous reviews [180][181][182][183][184] so only selected examples are provided here. The main mechanism of FR action of a nanoparticle is believed to be by physical means whereby during combustions nanoparticles aggregate on the polymer surface, forming a thermally insulative layer, which slows down the diffusion of pyrolysis gases and hence slows down flame propagation.…”

Section: Nanoparticles As Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardants for epoxy resins: Application‐related challenges and solutions

Kandola

Magnoni

Ebdon

2022

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…Char development during combustion of the MWCNT-phenolic composite-based CR fiber resulted in the cessation of further combustion heat flow. Char acts as a physical and diffusion barrier of heat flux and fuel flux, respectively, from the polymer [65]. Char formed solely in a cross-linked polymer contains aromatic fragments which can be aromatized during thermal decomposition [66].…”

Section: Underwriters Laboratories Test Standard (Ul94 Horizontal Burning Test)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cyrtostachys renda Fiber Loading on the Mechanical, Morphology, and Flammability Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Phenolic Bio-Composites

et al. 2021

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This research focuses on evaluating the effect of Cyrtostachys renda (CR) fiber and the impact of adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the morphological, physical, mechanical, and flammability properties of phenolic composites. MWCNT were supplemented with phenolic resin through a dry dispersion ball milling method. Composites were fabricated by incorporating CR fiber in 0.5 wt.% MWCNT-phenolic matrix by hot pressing. Nevertheless, the void content, higher water absorption, and thickness swelling increased with fiber loading to the MWCNT/phenolic composites. The presence of MWCNT in phenolic enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact strength by as much as 18%, 8%, and 8%, respectively, compared to pristine phenolic. The addition of CR fiber, however, strengthened MWCNT-phenolic composites, improving the tensile, flexural, and impact strength by as much as 16%, 16%, and 266%, respectively, for 50 wt.% loading of CR fiber. The CR fiber may adhere properly to the matrix, indicating that there is a strong interface between fiber and MWCNT-phenolic resin. UL-94 horizontal and limiting oxygen index (LOI) results indicated that all composite materials are in the category of self-extinguishing. Based on the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) technique, 50 wt.% CR fiber-reinforced MWCNT-phenolic composite was chosen as the optimal composite for mechanical and flammability properties. This bio-based eco-friendly composite has the potential to be used as an aircraft interior component.

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Flame-Retardant Thermoset Nanocomposites for Engineering Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 90 publications

Halloysite Nanotubes as an Additive to Ensure Enhanced Characteristics of Cold-Curing Epoxy Resins under Fire Conditions

Halloysite Nanotubes as an Additive to Ensure Enhanced Characteristics of Cold-Curing Epoxy Resins under Fire Conditions

Flame retardants for epoxy resins: Application‐related challenges and solutions

Effect of Cyrtostachys renda Fiber Loading on the Mechanical, Morphology, and Flammability Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Phenolic Bio-Composites

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