Flash Ignition and Initiation of Explosives−Nanotubes Mixture

Mr, Manaa; Ar, Mitchell; Rg, Garza; Pf, Pagoria; Be, Watkins

doi:10.1021/ja0547127

Cited by 65 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It has been reported that EMs mixed with optically active CNTs can be subject to optical initiation using ordinary light with an intensity of several W cm −2 , over a large surface area. 276 These energetic mixtures could be new ideal candidates for safety apparatus, such as the firing of bolts on space shuttle rockets and aircraft exit doors. It was further shown that the addition of both CNTs and graphene can significantly enhance the thermal transport properties of energetic composites made of Al and Teflon.…”

Section: Effects Of Cnms On Performances Of Emsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials

Zhao²,

et al. 2016

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Section: Effects Of Cnms On Performances Of Emsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials

Zhao²,

et al. 2016

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“…For example, Berkowitz et al [11] introduced and mixed SWCNTs (containing 70% iron by weight) in an air/ethylene mixture inside a combustion chamber and exposed them to the camera flash, triggering in this way the combustion process. Another application was proposed by Manaa et al [12] who demonstrated that the flash ignition and initiation of explosive-nanotubes mixture-SWCNTs with at least 29% by weight of iron impurity-in solid fuels are possible. However, in order to attain SWCNTs-nEMs mixture photo-ignition in liquid fuels, the CNTs-nEMs must be separated from the liquid until the moment of ignition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Application of Photo-thermal Volumetric Ignition of Carbon Nanotubes in Internal Combustion Engines

Carlucci¹,

Chehroudi²,

Ficarella³

et al. 2018

Carbon Nanotubes - Recent Progress

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In internal combustion engines, an ignition source is required to initiate the combustion process. This is commonly obtained either through an electric spark generation or by physical act of compression-ignition. In order to improve performance and lower pollutants levels, researchers have proposed alternatives to conventional ignition or combustion processes, such as homogeneously-charge compression-ignition (HCCI) combustion, whose critical operational requirement is precise control of the autoignition timing within the engine operating cycle. In this work, an innovative volumetricallydistributed ignition approach is proposed to control the onset of the autoignition process, by taking advantage of the optical ignition properties of carbon nanotubes when exposed to a low-consumption light source. It is shown that this ignition method enhanced the combustion of methane, hydrogen, LPG, and gasoline (injected to chamber in liquid phase). The results for this new ignition method show that pressure gradient and combustion efficiency are increased, while combustion duration and ignition delay time are decreased. A direct observation of the combustion process indicates that these benefits are due to the spatially-distributed ignition followed by a faster initial consumption of the air/fuel mixture. The use of this ignition system is therefore proposed as a promising technology for the combustion management in internal combustion engines, specifically for the HCCI engines.

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“…If the CNTs are straight and open‐ended, nanotube channels can potentially drive the detonation waves along its length,7 increasing the efficiency of initiation of the secondary explosives and retaining the initiated particles within the nanotube. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the CNTs, thermopower waves can be guided through the nanotube channels,7 and efficient heat transfer can occur from ignited nanotubes to an explosive material resulting in flash ignition even with an ordinary light source of only several W cm −2 8. In addition, CNTs have excellent thermoplasticity and expansibility, which was shown by flowing high‐pressure gases from explosive decomposition of picric acid through the multi‐wall nanotube channels 9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Azide Confined Inside Templated Carbon Nanotubes

Pelletier

Bhattacharyya

Knoke

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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The currently used primary explosives, such as lead azide and lead styphnate, present serious health hazards due to the toxicity of lead. There is a need to replace them with equally energetic but safer‐to‐handle and more environmentally friendly materials. Copper azide is more environmentally acceptable, but very sensitive and detonates easily from electrostatic charges during handling. If the highly sensitive copper azide is encapsulated within conducting containers, such as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)‐templated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), its sensitivity can be tamed. This work describes a technique for confining energetic copper azide within CNTs. ∼5 nm colloidal copper oxide nanoparticles are synthesized and filled into the 200 nm diameter CNTs, produced by template synthesis. The Cu‐O inside the CNTs is reduced in hydrogen to copper, and reacted with hydrazoic acid gas to produce copper azide. Upon initiation, the 60 μm long straight, open‐ended CNTs guide decomposition gases along the tube channel without fracturing the nanotube walls. These novel materials have potential for applications as nano‐detonators and green primary explosives; they also offer new opportunities for understanding the physics of detonation at the nanoscale.

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Flash Ignition and Initiation of Explosives−Nanotubes Mixture

Cited by 65 publications

References 11 publications

Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials

Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials

Potential Application of Photo-thermal Volumetric Ignition of Carbon Nanotubes in Internal Combustion Engines

Copper Azide Confined Inside Templated Carbon Nanotubes

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