Flavobacterium nitratireducens sp. nov., an amylolytic bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from coastal surface seawater

Abstract

Flavobacterium nitratireducens sp. nov., an amylolytic bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from coastal surface seawater A novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated strain N1 T , was isolated from a marine water sample collected from the sea shore, Bay of Bengal, Visakhapatnam, India. The strain was positive for starch hydrolysis, nitrate reduction and ornithine decarboxylase activities and negative for citrate utilization, urease, oxidase, catalase and DNase activities. The predominant fatty acids were C 16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , C 15 : 0 3-OH, and C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH (summed feature 3). Strain N1T contained menaquinone 6 (MK-6) as the sole respiratory quinone. The only polyamine was homospermidine and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), three unidentified aminolipids (AL1-AL3) and two unidentified lipids (L1, L2). The DNA G+C content of the strain was 36.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain N1 T was a member of the genus Flavobacterium and closely related to Flavobacterium resistens with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.5 %. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain N1 T clusteredwith Flavobacterium glycines and Flavobacterium daejeonense with a distance of 4.8 and 6.0 % (95.2 and 94.0 % similarity), respectively. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and on phylogenetic inference, strain N1 T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium nitratireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N1 T (5MTCC 11155The genus Flavobacterium (a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, order Flavobacteriales and class Flavobacteriia, phylum Bacteroidetes) was established with the reclassification of Bacillus aquatilis and Bacillus devorans as Flavobactrium aquatile and Flavaobactrium devorans by Bergey et al. (1923) and the description was later emended by Bernardet et al. (1996). Members of the genus Flavobacterium are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacteria, are strictly aerobic, contain menaquinone 6 (MK-6) as the sole respiratory quinone and have DNA G+C contents in the range 32-37 mol%. Flavobacterium species have been isolated from diverse habitats such as freshwater, river sediments, fish tissues and soil

Flavobacterium suaedae sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from the root of Suaeda corniculata

“…Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) is the major respiratory quinone, while C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G, iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or C 16 : 1 v6c), iso-C 16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 17 : 1 v9c and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH are the predominant fatty acids, and the genomic DNA G+C contents are in the range of 30-52 mol% (Bernardet & Bowman, 2006Bernardet et al, 1996). Species of the genus Flavobacterium have been isolated from various habitats, including seawater (Bhumika et al, 2013;Fu et al, 2011;Yi et al, 2005), freshwater (Chen et al, 2013;Kacagan et al, 2013;Kang et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2013;Qu et al, 2009), high-arsenic sediments (Ao et al, 2014), wastewater (Aslam et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2010;Yoon et al, 2009), soil (Dong et al, 2013a, b;Kim et al, 2006), farmland (Chen et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2008), river sludge (Zhang et al, 2015a), marine sediment (Fu et al, 2011;algae (Miyashita et al, 2010;Nedashkovskaya et al, 2014), compost (Kim et al, 2011(Kim et al, , 2012a, rhizosphere soil (Madhaiyan et al, 2010;Son et al, 2013;Xiao et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2015b), a glacier (Zhang et al, 2006) and a plant (Kämpfer et al, 2015).…”

Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of the gliding bacterium Flavobacterium seoulense sp. nov.

“…[ 3 ]. Flavobacterium species have been isolated from various environments, including seawater, freshwater, river sediments, and soil [ 4 - 8 ]. Members of the genus Flavobacterium are Gram-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented, aerobic bacteria.…”

“…Strain EM1321 T formed a monophyletic clade together with Flavobacterium soli [ 5 ] in both the NJ and ML trees; however, the clustering was not supported by the bootstrap analysis (Figure 1 ). Flavobacterium nitratireducens [ 8 ] was further recovered as a sister group of the monophyletic clade in the ML tree only. Based on these phylogenetic trees, F. soli KACC 17417 T and F. nitratireducens JCM 17678 T were selected as reference strains and were obtained from the corresponding culture collections for comparative study.…”

“…a Data from Yoon et al [ 5 ]. b Data from Nupur et al [ 8 ]. *Data incongruent with a previous study [ 5 ].…”

Flavobacterium procerum sp. nov., isolated from freshwater

“… * Different results were reported by Ryu et al (2008). † Different results were reported by Nupur et al (2013). ‡ Different results were reported by Yang et al (2011). § Different results were reported by Glaeser et al (2013). ∥ Data from Yang et al (2011) and Nupur et al (2013). …”