Flavonoids and Their Metabolites: Prevention in Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes

Abstract

The occurrence of atherosclerosis and diabetes is expanding rapidly worldwide. These two metabolic disorders often co-occur, and are part of what is often referred to as the metabolic syndrome. In order to determine future therapies, we propose that molecular mechanisms should be investigated. Once the aetiology of the metabolic syndrome is clear, a nutritional intervention should be assessed. Here we focus on the protective effects of some dietary flavonoids, and their metabolites. Further studies may also pave the way for development of novel drug candidates.

Hypoglycemic potential of Trixis angustifolia aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

“…Saponins have been suggested to be involved in pancreatic lipase and adipogenesis inhibition (Marrelli et al, 2016). Flavonoids are phenolic compounds highly distributed in plants and exhibit several biological activities (Hügel et al, 2016) such as hypolipidemic properties due to plasmatic lipid lipolysis (El-Newary, 2016) or hypoglycemic activity by regeneration of damaged pancreatic islets, stimulate calcium and glucose uptake (Vinayagam and Xu, 2015;Zeka et al, 2017). Recently, a report on secondary metabolites of T. angustifolia was published, in which flavones are the flavonoids with biological effect (Sánchez-Chávez et al, 2017).…”

Effect of 7-Hydroxy-2-(4- Hydroxy -3-Methoxyphenyl)-Chroman-4-one On Level of Mangan-Superoxide Dismutase (Mn-Sod) and Superoxide Dismutase 2 (Sod2) Gene Expression in Hyperlipidemia Rats

“…The pattern was similar to its protein content. Decreased levels of gene expression that given 7-OH-2-(4-OH-3methoxyphenyl)-chroman-4-one compared to hyperlipidemia group according to Feng et al (2011) and supported by Martin et al (2010) that flavonoid compounds in the main role as scavenger, they have the ability to eliminate directly some radicals, such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals and peroxyl radicals and indirectly increase expression and activity of endogenous antioxidant for scavenger ROS (Zeka et al, 2017).…”

Potensi Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca forma typica) dan Uli (Musa paradisiaca sapientum) Menaikkan Aktivitas Superoksida Dismutase dan Menurunkan Kadar Malondialdehid Organ Hati Tikus Model Hiperkolesterolemia

“…Flavonoid menetralkan radikal bebas dengan cara delokalisasi elektron. Struktur pada gugus flavonoid memberikan stabilitas yang tinggi pada radikal bebas melalui ikatan hidrogen (Zeka et al 2017).…”

“…HMG KoA reduktase yang berikatan dengan flavonoid menyebabkan pembentukan asam mevalonat terhenti sehingga kolesterol tidak dapat disintesis. Flavonoid juga bekerja meningkatkan ekspresi reseptor LDL sehingga tingkat oksidatif LDL akan menurun (Zeka et al 2017).…”