“…Over the past decade, we have witnessed the development of hybrid energy cells for multimode energy harvesting including but not limited to piezoelectric and photovoltaic ( Xu and Wang, 2011 ), piezoelectric and thermoelectric/pyroelectric ( Oh et al., 2019 ; Song et al., 2019a ; You et al., 2018 ; Zhu et al., 2019b , 2020f ), piezoelectric and biochemical ( Hansen et al., 2010 ; Pan et al., 2011 ), triboelectric and photovoltaic ( Guo et al., 2019 ; Jung et al., 2020 ; Liu et al., 2018d ; Song et al., 2019b ), triboelectric and thermoelectric/pyroelectric ( Seo et al., 2019 ; Shin et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2020e ; Wu et al., 2018 ), triboelectric and biochemical ( Li et al., 2020 ), and three mechanisms among them ( Jella et al., 2018 ; Ji et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2016b ; 2016c ). Targeting for wearable applications, the material choices and structure designs of the hybrid EH would be more challenging considering the high performance and good flexibility.…”