Flexible Rolled Thick‐Film Miniaturized Flow‐Cell for Minimally Invasive Amperometric Sensing

Kagie, Andrea; Bishop, Daniel K.; Burdick, Jared; Belle, Jeffrey T. La; Dymond, R.; Felder, Robin A.; Wang, Joseph

doi:10.1002/elan.200804253

Cited by 70 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…An alternative method involves preparing an electrochemical sensor on a flat plastic support, either by microfabrication methods (Iguchi et al, 2007) or by screen printing techniques (Kagie et al, 2008). Since such sensors are flexible, they can either be attached onto the eye directly (Iguchi et al, 2007) or rolled up and inserted into the tear canal (Kagie et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A contact lens with embedded sensor for monitoring tear glucose level

Yao

Shum

Cowan

et al. 2011

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

419

327

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We report the design, construction, and testing of a contact lens with an integrated amperometric glucose sensor, proposing the possibility of in situ human health monitoring simply by wearing a contact lens. The glucose sensor was constructed by creating microstructures on a polymer substrate, which was subsequently shaped into a contact lens. Titania sol-gel film was applied to immobilize glucose oxidase, and Nafion® was used to decrease several potential interferences (ascorbic acid, lactate, and urea) present in the tear film. The sensor exhibits a fast response (20 sec), a high sensitivity (240 µAcm −2 mM −1 ) and a good reproducibility after testing a number of sensors. It shows good linearity for the typical range of glucose concentrations in the tear film (0.1-0.6 mM), and acceptable accuracy in the presence of interfering agents. The sensor can attain a minimum detection of less than 0.01 mM glucose.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A contact lens with embedded sensor for monitoring tear glucose level

Yao

Shum

Cowan

et al. 2011

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

419

327

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[40][41][42][43] Ocular biofuel cells.-There has been a growing interest in developing smart contact lens-based sensors and other ocular devices. [44][45][46][47] The eye is one of the most complex and delicate organs in the human body. It's soft nature, spherical shape and confined structure makes the development of contact lens based devices quite difficult.…”

Section: Why Biofuel Cells For Wearable Applications?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Wearable Biofuel Cells: Past, Present and Future

Bandodkar¹

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The perspective article provides a detailed description of the major developments in the field of wearable biofuel cells. The article expounds several attributes of this newly emerging technology and its potential to address the energy needs of wearable devices. In addition to discussing important milestones reached in this field, the article also highlights the grand challenges that are presently hindering further development of wearable biofuel cells. Particular emphasis has been devoted to major issues related to biofuel cell stability, need for generating stable, high levels of power, mechanical compliance and resiliency and device aesthetics. In addition to this, the article also offers multiple pathways to address these issues. The article aims at generating interest among researchers with diverse expertise to come together on a common platform to overcome the major challenges faced by the field of wearable biofuel cells. Such collaborative efforts will be essential for the success of wearable biofuel cells and to harness their full potential. Why Biofuel Cells for Wearable Applications?Recent development of bio-integrated wearable electronics that provide continuous information, 1,2 entertainment, 3,4 help in carrying out routine activities 5 are a result of our insatiable desire to develop technologies that make lives easy. The nascent field of body-bound electronics is still is in its infancy and there exists several challenges that ought to be addressed for successful adaptation of the technology by various market segments. [6][7][8][9] Identifying suitable wearable energy sources is one of the biggest omnipresent challenge that cuts across almost all wearable electronics fields. 10 The situation is getting further exacerbated as the field of wearable electronics advances toward developing tiny, yet complex, multi-tasking wearable devices that continuously require high levels of energy supply for optimal performance. Research efforts to overcome this issue can be broadly classified into developing low-energy electronics, 11 adaptive algorithms for intelligent, low-power consuming electronics 12 and high energy density power sources. 13 Of these, development of efficient power sources has attained the greatest attention. Usage of conventional power sources, such as, lithium ion and alkaline batteries result in increased bulkiness and rigidity of the wearable electronics wherein just a fraction of the device weight is due to electronics while the rest is because of the battery. Such integration of conventional power sources with wearable electronics thus vitiates the overall attractiveness of the wearable system. Hence, there has been a genuine effort within the scientific community toward developing new formats of power sources for wearable applications. One of the most obvious and widely explored avenues is the development of thin, flexible and even stretchable batteries and supercapacitors that can be easily mated with the human body.14-16 Such body-compliant energy storage systems are quite attracti...

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“…165 nM norepinephrine and 530 nM dopamine). Further functionalization of the sensor by the addition of a carbon working electrode coated with a film containing glucose oxidase, allowed the sensitive detection (8 μM) of glucose [84].…”

Section: Miniaturisationmentioning

confidence: 99%