Floating rGO-based black membranes for solar driven sterilization

Zhang, Yao; Zhao, Dengwu; Fan, Yu; Yang, Chao; Lou, Jinwei; Liu, Yanming; Chen, Yingying; Wang, Zhongyong; Tao, Peng; Shang, Wen; Wu, Jianbo; Song, Chengyi; Deng, Tao

doi:10.1039/c7nr06861a

Cited by 104 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Prior to this work, access to such temperatures normally necessitated pressurization 31 to achieve boiling-point elevation. The innovative structure developed by Zhang et al 32 achieved temperatures as high as 121 °C without pressurization, but required solar concentration ratios in excess of 20 suns (1 sun = 1000 W m −2 ) to achieve this.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contactless steam generation and superheating under one sun illumination

et al. 2018

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Steam generation using solar energy provides the basis for many sustainable desalination, sanitization, and process heating technologies. Recently, interest has arisen for low-cost floating structures that absorb solar radiation and transfer energy to water via thermal conduction, driving evaporation. However, contact between water and the structure leads to fouling and pins the vapour temperature near the boiling point. Here we demonstrate solar-driven evaporation using a structure not in contact with water. The structure absorbs solar radiation and re-radiates infrared photons, which are directly absorbed by the water within a sub-100 μm penetration depth. Due to the physical separation from the water, fouling is entirely avoided. Due to the thermal separation, the structure is no longer pinned at the boiling point, and is used to superheat the generated steam. We generate steam with temperatures up to 133 °C, demonstrating superheated steam in a non-pressurized system under one sun illumination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contactless steam generation and superheating under one sun illumination

et al. 2018

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“…To achieve high steam temperatures and pressurization, previous studies relied on high solar flux indicated by the dotted line in quadrants I and III. 12,15,19,31,33,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55] A few recent studies employed a subsequent superheating stage to boost the steam temperature beyond 100 C in open systems (open symbols in quadrant II). 20,32,48 This work demonstrates that it is possible to generate saturated and pressurized steam with low optical concentration represented by the only filled symbol in quadrant II.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Passive High-Temperature High-Pressure Solar Steam Generator for Medical Sterilization

Zhao

Bhatia

Zhang

et al. 2020

Joule

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Solar steam generation at the sterilization condition suffers from low efficiency, especially in passive solar thermal devices. We developed a stationary solar collector with a transparent aerogel layer to achieve efficient solar steam generation via thermal concentration. In field tests performed in Mumbai, India, the device generated steam at 100 C with 56% efficiency and successfully powered a sterilization cycle following the standard sterilization protocol. Our work shows the potential of solar thermal technology in steam generation and other applications.

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“…For example, the heat carried by hot water vapor can be recycled for electricity generation via thermoelectric ( Figure a) and thermomechanical effects (Figure 15b), [ 66,83 ] or directly utilized for rapid sterilization. [ 81,150–152 ] Converting downward heat loss into electricity has also been demonstrated through thermoelectric method as shown in Figure 15c, which is achieved by taking the advantage of inherently established temperature difference between hot solar absorber and cool water body. [ 68,79,85 ]…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure Architecting for Salt‐Rejecting Solar Interfacial Desalination to Achieve High‐Performance Evaporation With In Situ Energy Generation

et al. 2020

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requirement has given rise to research thrusts being focused on the development of solar-driven evaporation based desalination technologies. [4][5][6][7] The research on using solar energy in the desalination process has a long history. [3,8,9] In a traditional singleslope basin-like solar still (Figure 1a), saline water is heated and subsequently evaporated by directly exposing to solar radiation. Solar energy is absorbed and converted into thermal energy by a black light-absorbing liner that is situated at the bottom of the solar basin. [10] Due to this design, the solar absorber is immersed in bulk seawater and it hardly receives a fraction of the incoming solar radiation owing to poor light penetration through the thick water layer. Furthermore, the produced heat is easily dissipated into the bulk water, and further lost to the surroundings through water surface radiation, convection and conduction. Due to the above reasons, the resulting solar-tosteam conversion efficiency is inevitably low. Nanoparticle dispersed fluid was then demonstrated to harness solar energy and found to be a great boon to direct water vapor generation. [11,12] A solar conversion efficiency of up to ≈70% can be possibly achieved because heat loss to bulk water is mitigated ( Figure 1b). [13,14] However, research on this advancement didn't last because of the development of solar interfacial heating strategy, which is shown in Figure 1c. The concept of interfacial evaporation was first put forth in 2014 by two reports simultaneously, [15,16] and received a surge of attention and interest immediately in the following years. The most prominent feature of solar interfacial evaporation lies in the position of the solar absorber, which is at the interface between saline liquid and the above air. This special configuration not only minimizes heat loss from the solar absorber to bulk water, but also provides significantly more surface area for prompt vapor release. Also, solar radiation is photothermally localized at the surface of solar absorber, giving rise to high surface temperature, which enables fast heat transfer to water. With it, water transported from reservoir can be heated and evaporated immediately to achieve a higher rate of steam generation. In addition to the differences in heating strategies, it should be noted that all the solar stills follow the same evaporation-condensation route for desalination and clean water collection, and to this end, a similar device structure (e.g., solar still with sloping cover) is usually employed.The past few years have witnessed a rapid development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation, a promising technology for low-cost water desalination. As of today, solar-to-steam conversion efficiencies close to 100% or even beyond the limit are becoming increasingly achievable in virtue of unique photothermal materials and structures. Herein, the cutting-edge approaches are summarized, and their mechanisms for photothermal structure architecting are uncovered in order to achieve ultrahigh conversion e...

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Floating rGO-based black membranes for solar driven sterilization

Cited by 104 publications

References 32 publications

Contactless steam generation and superheating under one sun illumination

Contactless steam generation and superheating under one sun illumination

A Passive High-Temperature High-Pressure Solar Steam Generator for Medical Sterilization

Structure Architecting for Salt‐Rejecting Solar Interfacial Desalination to Achieve High‐Performance Evaporation With In Situ Energy Generation

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