Flow injection biamperometric determination of metronidazole with on-line photodegradation

Palomeque, Miriam E.; Bautista, Juan Antonio; Mateo, J. V. García; Calatayud, J. Martı́nez

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00479-1

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fe(CN) 6 32 /Fe(CN) 6 42 , Ce 4þ /Ce 3þ , I 2 /I 2 , VO 3 2 /VO 2þ , and Fe 3þ /Fe 2þ are the reversible redox couples usually employed as indicating systems in indirect biamperometric methods for drug analysis (Michalowski et al 1994;Mateo and Kojlo 1997;Gálvez et al 1999;Palomeque et al 1999;Bautista et al 2000;Icardo et al 2000;Medeiros et al 2004;Palomeque and Band, 2002;Castro et al 2005). The choice of an indicating system generally takes in account reproducibility, stability, sensibility, and selectivity towards the targeted analysis.…”

Section: Screening Of Redox Couplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biamperometric methods have been proposed for routine quality control analysis of pantoprazole (Castro et al 2005), dipyrone (Medeiros et al 2004), paracetamol (Gálvez et al 1999), epinephrine (Mateo and Kojlo 1997), metronidazole (Palomeque et al 1999), chloramphenicol (Bautista et al 2000), chloramine-T (Icardo et al 2000), captopril (Palomeque and Band 2002), and phenothiazine derivatives (Michalowski et al 1994). Shortly, the current flowing between the two polarized inert electrodes is a function of the concentration ratio of the redox indicating reversible couple, whose absent oxidized or reduced form is produced by a homogenous redox reaction between the analyte and the present component of the reversible couple.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biamperometric Determination of Tetracycline in Pharmaceuticals

et al. 2007

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A fast, reliable, and low cost biamperometric flow-injection method, with an error of 1.3% and an analytical throughput of 55 samples h 21 , for determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals capsules is proposed. The analytical curve was linear (r ¼ 0.998) in the range 10 to 50 mg l 21 using Fe(CN) 6 32 and NaOH solutions as reagent and carrier stream/supporting electrolyte, respectively. A relative standard deviation of 1.6% (10 sequential injections of 30.0 mg l 21 ) was verified with detection and quantification limits of 0.6 and 3.4 mg l 21 , respectively.

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Section: Screening Of Redox Couplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biamperometric Determination of Tetracycline in Pharmaceuticals

et al. 2007

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“…7 Flow analysis approaches have also being successfully applied on developing fast analytical methods for determination of some antihelmintic and antiprotozoal with spectrometric [8][9][10] and biamperometric detection in dosage forms. 11 The alkaline hydrolysis of MTZ releases the nitro group as nitrite ion and the reaction can be carried out in a quantitative way by controlling the pH, temperature and hydrolysis time. Thus, a simple measurement of the yielded nitrite ions can be used to determine MTZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow injection determination of metronidazole through spectrophotometric measurement of the nitrite ion produced upon alkaline hydrolysis

Simões¹,

Medeiros²,

Gaião³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um novo método para determinação de metronidazol, baseado no monitoramento espectrométrico do sal de diazônio produzido in-line pelos íons nitrito, liberados numa hidrólise alcalina, foi desenvolvido e aplicado com sucesso a comprimidos (r = 0,9993, 2,0-20,0 mg L -1 , LD = 0,7 mg L -1 ), sem interferência de ingredientes comumente presentes.A new method for metronidazole determination, based on spectrometric monitoring of a diazonium salt produced in-line by alkaline hydrolysis released nitrite ions, was developed and successfully applied to pharmaceutical tablets (r = 0.9993, 2.0-20.0 mg L -1 , DL = 0.7 mg L -1 ) with no interference from common ingredients accompanying the drug. Keywords: flow injection analysis, spectrophotometry, pharmaceuticals, metronidazole, nitrite IntroductionMetronidazole (MTZ), 2-(5-nitro-2-methylimidazol-1-yl)-ethanol, likewise others nitroimidazole derivatives presents biological activity against anaerobic micro-organisms, being largely used as the active ingredient of antihelminthic medicines. 1 Thus, there is an important demand for rapid and simple methods for the determination of MTZ in pharmaceutical preparations. Methods based on HPLC and classical volumetric titration are recommended by the pharmacopoeia for the direct determination of MTZ. 2 Although this later one is kind of simple, being daily practiced in many routine analysis laboratories, it is time consuming and very tedious as it is based on the use of acetic anhydride. Various research studies have been devoted to the development of new high performance alternative methods for determination of the drug in dosage forms using different techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography, 3 supercritical fluid chromatography, 4 differential pulse polarography 5 and voltammetry with glassy carbon electrode 6 or chemically modified electrodes. 7 Flow analysis approaches have also being successfully applied on developing fast analytical methods for determination of some antihelmintic and antiprotozoal with spectrometric 8-10 and biamperometric detection in dosage forms. 11 The alkaline hydrolysis of MTZ releases the nitro group as nitrite ion and the reaction can be carried out in a quantitative way by controlling the pH, temperature and hydrolysis time. Thus, a simple measurement of the yielded nitrite ions can be used to determine MTZ. This approach has been taken advantage of to implement MTZ analytical procedures. [12][13][14] An assay based on measurement of the change in ultraviolet absorbance during the alkaline hydrolysis of the compound was proposed for determination of MTZ in oral suspensions. 12 Another one, based on colorimetric monitoring of the diazonium salt produced by a diazotizationcoupling reaction with the released nitrite ions, has long been proposed and optimized later on. 13,14 Despite the good selectivity and sensitivity of these procedures, they are time consuming and employ large amounts of reagents.This work describes a flow injection analysis (FIA) approach for determination of MTZ based o...

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“…1) is a widespread clinical used drug due to its activity against protozoal and anaerobic bacteria. Numerous methods for the determination of MTZ have been published [29][30][31][32]. However, no studies concerning MTZ analysis using chemiluminescence analysis were reported so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%